Bookmarks

Recent Publications and Patents by the Aerospace Technical Staff

Publications

S. Alfano, "Assessing the Instantaneous Risk of Direct Laser Impingement," AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting (San Antonio, TX, Jan. 27–30, 2002). AAS Paper 02-175.

J. D. Anderson, P. A. Laing, E. L. Lau, A. S. Liu, M. M. Nieto, and S. G. Turyshev, "Study of the Anomalous Acceleration of Pioneer 10 and 11," Physical Review D, Vol. 6508, No. 8, p. 2004 (Apr. 15, 2002).

J. D. Barrie, M. J. Meshishnek, P. D. Fuqua, and W. C. Rostel, "Simulated Space Environmental Exposure of Optical Coatings for Spacecraft Solar Rejection," Applied Optics, Vol. 41, No. 16, pp. 3150–3155 (June 1, 2002).

D. A. Bearden, O. F. Blackshire, and P. H. Young, "Algorithmic Description of an Analytic Complexity Methodology," 24th Annual Conference of the International Society of Parametric Analysts (ISPA), (San Diego, CA, May 21–24, 2002).

S. Ben-Shmuel, "Performance Analysis of a Normally Closed Pyrovalve," 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit (Indianapolis, IN, July 7–10, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-3552.

T. Bergeman, P. S. Julienne, C. J. Williams, E. Tiesinga, M. R. Manaa, H. Wang, P. L. Gould, and W. C. Stwalley, "Predissociations in 0+u and 1g States of K2," Chemical Physics, Vol. 117, No. 16, pp. 7491–7505 (Oct. 22, 2002).

P. A. Bertrand and J. D. Sinsheimer, "Humidity-Induced Dimensional Changes in Cotton-Phenolic Ball-Bearing Retainers," Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 124, pp. 474–479 (July 2002).

J. Betts, "Designing a Dual Waveguide Normal Incidence Tube Utilizing Energy and Modal Methods," 8th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference and Exhibit (Breckenridge, CO, June 17–19, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-2461.

J. Betts and C. Fuller, "Phase Determination of Reverberant Structural-Acoustic Systems Using Pole and Zero Distribution," 8th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference and Exhibit (Breckenridge, CO, June 17–19, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-2494.

P. B. Bhat, V. K. Prasanna, and C. S. Raghavendra, "Block-Cyclic Redistribution Over Heterogeneous Networks," Cluster Computing, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 25–34 (2000).

O. F. Blackshire and P. H. Young, "A Correlated Joint Cost and Schedule Evaluation Methodology," 24th Annual Conference of the International Society of Parametric Analysts (ISPA), (San Diego, CA, May 21–24, 2002).

J. C. Camparo and J. G. Coffer, "Accessing Photon Number Via an Atomic Time Interval," Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics), Vol. 66, No. 4, pp. 043416/1–4 (Oct. 2002).

J. C. Camparo and P. Lambropolous, "Multiphoton Transitions in a Colored Vacuum: Coupling of the AC Stark Shift with Spontaneous Decay and the Lamb Shift," Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 1169–1173 (May 2002).

K. F. Chan, "Spacecraft Maneuvers to Mitigate Potential Collision Threats," AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit (Monterey, CA, Aug. 5–8, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-4629.

K. F. Chan, "Close Encounters with Multiple Satellites," AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting (San Antonio, TX, Jan. 27–30, 2002). AAS Paper 02-120.

I-S. Chang, "Unsteady-State Rocket Nozzle Flows," 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit (Indianapolis, IN, July 7–10, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-3884.

I-S. Chang, "Unsteady-State Underexpanded Jet Flows," 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit (Indianapolis, IN, July 7–10, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-3885.

C. Chao and T. Park, "A Benchmark Monte Carlo Numerical Verification of Computed Probability of Collision," AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit (Monterey, CA, Aug. 5–8, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002–4633.

P. G. Cheng, "How Software Errors Contribute to Satellite Failures—Some Lessons Learned," INCOSE Los Angeles Mini-Conference (Long Beach, CA, June 8, 2002).

J. G. Coffer, J. C. Camparo, and M. G. Anderson, "Collisional Dephasing and the Reduction of Laser Phase-Noise to Amplitude-Noise Conversion in a Resonant Atomic Vapor," Physical Review A, Vol. 65, No. 33, pp. 033807/1–9 (2002).

J. G. Coffer, B. Sickmiller, A. Presser, and J. C. Camparo, "Line Shapes of Atomic-Candle-Type Rabi Resonances," Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics), Vol. 66, No. 2, p. 023806/1–7 (Aug. 2002).

M. Crofton and I. Boyd, "Hollow Cathode Plume Velocity: Measurements and Modeling," 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit (Indianapolis, IN, July 7–10, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-4103.

M. W. Crofton and I. D. Boyd, "Plume Measurement and Modeling Results for a Xenon Hollow Cathode," 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit (Indianapolis, IN, July 7–10, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-4103.

K. D. Diamant, R. B. Cohen, and J. E. J. Brandenburg, "High Power Microwave Electrothermal Thruster Performance on Water," 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit (Indianapolis, IN, July 7–10, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-3662.

S. DiMaggio, Z. Duron, and G. Davis, "Modal Identification of Lightly-Damped, Highly-Symmetric Bladed Disks," 43rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference (Denver, CO, Apr. 22–25, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-1225.

L. R. Drake, P. L. Portanova, and J. M. Knauf, "EELV: Evolving Toward Affordability," Aerospace America, pp. 38–42 (Mar. 2002).

C. Dunbar, "The Aerospace Corporation Beam Steering Testing Facility," AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit (Monterey, CA, Aug. 5–8, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-4998.

R. J. Duphily, "Pre-Award Risk Management," INCOSE Los Angeles Mini-Conference (Long Beach, CA, June 8, 2002).

R. J. Duphily, "System Reliability, Safety and Risk Analysis Integration," INCOSE Los Angeles Mini-Conference (Long Beach, CA, June 8, 2002).

Z. Duron and S. DiMaggio, "High-Frequency Impulse Response Testing of Lightly-Damped Turbine Disks," 43rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference (Denver, CO, Apr. 22–25, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-1532.

W. Engblom, "Numerical Simulation of Titan IVB Transonic Buffet Environment," 20th AIAA International Communication Satellite Systems Conference and Exhibit (Montreal, Canada, May 12–15, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-3054.

K. A. Feldman and S. B. Guarro, "Continuous Aerospace Risk Management and Assessment (CARMA): Process, Models, and Software for Risk Management in Space Systems Programs," INCOSE Los Angeles Mini-Conference (Long Beach, CA, June 8, 2002).

J. F. Fennell, J. L. Roeder, and H. C. Koons, "Substorms and Magnetic Storms from the Satellite Charging Perspective, Space Weather Study Using Multipoint Techniques," COSPAR Colloquia Series Proceedings, Vol. 12, pp. 163–174 (2002).

P. D. Fuqua, N. Presser, J. D. Barrie, M. J. Meshishnek, and D. J. Coleman, "Pit Formation Observed in a Multilayer Dielectric Coating as a Result of Simulated Space Environmental Exposure," Applied Optics, Vol. 41, No. 16, pp. 3142–3149 (June 1, 2002).

D. R. Graham, "Setting Up, Getting and Using Cost-Risk Feedback," INCOSE Los Angeles Mini-Conference (Long Beach, CA, June 8, 2002).

R. Guenard, L. C. Fernandez-Torres, B. I. Kim, S. S. Perry, P. P. Frantz, and S. V. Didziulis, "Selective Surface Reactions of Single Crystal Metal Carbides: Alkene Production from Short Chain Alcohols on Titanium Carbide and Vanadium Carbide," Surface Science, Vol. 515, pp. 103–116 (2002).

W. W. Hansen, P. D. Fuqua, F. Livingston, A. Huang, M. Abraham, D. P. Taylor, S. W. Janson, and H. Helvajian, "Laser Fabrication of Glass Microstructures," Industrial Physicist, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 18–21 (June–July 2002).

G. Hawkins, M. O'Brien, and R. Zaldivar, "Machine-Augmented Composites," 43rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference (Denver, CO, Apr. 22–25, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-1240.

G. F. Hawkins, "Augmenting Mechanical Properties of Materials by Embedding Simple Machines," Journal of Advanced Materials, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 16-20 (July 2002).

K. C. Herr, E. R. Keim, P. M. Adams, J. A. Hackwell, L. E. Kirkland, J. W. Salisbury, and A. Treiman, "First Use of an Airborne Thermal Infrared Hyperspectral Scanner for Compositional Mapping," Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 80, pp. 447–459 (2002).

J. E. Houston and H. I. Kim, "Adhesion, Friction, and Mechanical Properties of Functionalized Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers," Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 35, No. 7, pp. 547–553 (2002).

P. A. Huang, W. W. Hansen, S. W. Janson, and H. Helvajian, "Development of a 100 gm Class Inspector Satellite Using Photostructurable Glass/Ceramic Materials," Photon Processing in Microelectronics and Photonics (San Jose, CA, Jan. 21–24, 2002), SPIE, Vol. 4637, pp. 297–304.

S. Janson, "Electric Propulsion for Low Earth Orbit Constellation Morphing," 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit (Indianapolis, IN, July 7–10, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-3669.

A. Jenkin, J. Anderson, D. Mains, and E. Campbell, "Case Study of Upper Stage Disposal for Geosynchronous Debris Mitigation," AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit (Monterey, CA, Aug. 5–8, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-4628.

A. Jenkin and E. Campbell, "Generic Halo Orbit Insertion and Dispersion Error Analysis," AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit (Monterey, CA, Aug. 5–8, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-4527.

A. B. Jenkin, "Effect of Orbit Data Quality on the Operational Cost of Collision Risk Management," SatMax 2002: Satellite Performance Workshop (Arlington, VA, Apr. 22, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002–1810.

J. S. Kerner, "Joint Technical Architecture (JTA): Standards for Interoperability," INCOSE Los Angeles Mini-Conference (Long Beach, CA, June 8, 2002).

C. S. Kirkconnell and D. G. Curran, "Thermodynamic Optimization of Multi-Stage Cryogenic Systems," AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 613, No. 1, pp. 1123–1132 (May 10, 2002).

L. E. Kirkland, K. C. Herr, J. W. Salisbury, E. R. Keim, P. M. Adams, and J. A. Hackwell, "Infrared Remote Sensing of Mars and the Mars Astrobiology Exploration Strategy," Instuments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology IV, SPIE, Vol. 4495, pp. 158–169 (Feb. 2002).

J. Kechichian, "Constrained Circularization in Elliptic Orbit Using Low-Thrust With Shadowing Effect," AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit (Monterey, CA, Aug. 5–8, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-4894.

H. C. Koons, J. L. Roeder, Y. Hobara, M. Hayakawa, and A. C. Fraser-Smith, "Statistical Analysis of the Data From the ULF Sensors at Seikoshi Station," Seismo Electromagnetics: Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (Tokyo, 2002) pp. 29–39.

R. Kumar and T. Nguyen, "Simulation Results on the Performance of Digital Polyphase Channelizer," 20th AIAA International Communication Satellite Systems Conference and Exhibit (Montreal, Canada, May 12–15, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-1947.

R. Kumar, D. Taggart, and G. Goo, "Performance of A/D Converters in Broadband Communication Satellites," 20th AIAA International Communication Satellite Systems Conference and Exhibit (Montreal, Canada, May 12–15, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-1892.

M. Kwok, "HF Chemical Laser Flows Modeled by HYFLAME," 33rd Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference (Maui, HI, May 20–23, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-2218.

R. C. Lacoe, "The Effects of Total Ionizing Dose Irradiation on CMOS Technology and the Use of Design Techniques to Mitigate Total Dose Effects," 2002 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings, 40th Annual (Dallas, TX, Apr. 7–11, 2002), p. 376.

T. T. Lam and W. K. Yeung, "A Numerical Scheme for Non-Fourier Heat Conduction, Part II: Two-Dimensional Problem Formulation and Verification," Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B, Vol. 41, No. 6, pp. 543–564 (June 2002).

C. Lee, E. Coe, J. M. Clark, and B. Davis, "Managing Advanced Communication Services Using Active Network Overlays in Grid Environments," Proceedings of the Fourth Annual International Workshop on Active Middleware Services (Edinburgh, UK, July 23, 2002), pp. 11–18.

C. Lee, E. Coe, J. M. Clark, J. Stepanek, C. Raghavendra, and K. Bellman, "Time Management in Active Networks," Proceedings Third Annual International Workshop on Active Middleware Services (San Francisco, CA, Aug. 6, 2001), pp. 51–64.

C. A. Lee, P. Roe, and R. Buyya, "The Best Papers from CCGrid 2001," Future Generation Computer Systems, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. V–VII (Mar. 2002).

J. Lollock, "The Effect of Swept Sinusoidal Excitation on the Response of a Single-Degree-of-Freedom Oscillator," 43rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference (Denver, CO, Apr. 22–25, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-1230.

G. Lui and K. Tsai, "A Soft Output Viterbi Algorithm (SOVA) Demodulator for Pre-Coded Binary CPM Signals," 20th AIAA International Communication Satellite Systems Conference and Exhibit (Montreal, Canada, May 12–15, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002–1857.

J. Ly, "Robust Multiloop Gain and Phase Margin Calculation Using mu Analysis and Spacecraft Application," AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit (Monterey, CA, Aug. 5–8, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-5001.

D. K. Lynch, R. J. Rudy, R. W. Russell, C. J. Rice, S. M. Mazuk, C. C. Venturini, R. C. Puetter, M. L. Sitko, and R. Cutri, "Infrared Spectroscopy of V4334 Sgr (Sakurai's Object)," Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol. 279, No. 1–2, pp. 57–64 (2002).

J. E. Mazur, G.M. Mason, and R.A. Mewaldt, "Charge States of Energetic Particles from Corotating Interaction Regions as Constraints on Their Source," Astrophysics Journal, Vol. 566, No. 1, Pt. 1, pp. 555–561 (Feb. 10, 2002).

M. A. McMahan and R. Koga, "Radiation Effects Testing at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at LBNL," AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 610, No. 1, pp. 290–294 (Apr. 2, 2002).

G. Meholic, "Another Approach to the Cause of Inertia," 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit (Indianapolis, IN, July 7–10, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-4096.

T. C. Meyers, P. T. Lin, B. A. Lucas, and R. C. Maynard, "Some Flight Termination Requirement Rewrite Risk Considerations," INCOSE Los Angeles Mini-Conference (Long Beach, CA, June 8, 2002).

T. Nguyen, H. Nguyen, H. Tran, L. Jocic, and B. Lewis, "Survey on Diversity and Combining Techniques," 20th AIAA International Communication Satellite Systems Conference and Exhibit (Montreal, Canada, May 12–15, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-1858.

T. Nguyen, H. Nguyen, H. Tran, J. Yoh, and B. Lewis, "Diversity and Combining Techniques for 2G and 3G PCS Systems," 20th AIAA International Communication Satellite Systems Conference and Exhibit (Montreal, Canada, May 12–15, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-1859.

T. W. Nuteson, J. S. Clark IV, D. S. Haque, and G. S. Mitchell, "Digital Beamforming and Calibration for Smart Antennas Using Real-Time FPGA Processing," 2002 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, Vol. 1 (Seattle, WA, June 2–7, 2002), pp. 307–310.

T. W. Nuteson, G. S. Mitchell, R. F. Smith, D. S. Haque, J. S. Clark IV, M. W. Tompkins, and J. E. Stocker, "Real-Time Implementation of Smart Antenna Techniques," 12th Virginia Tech/MPRG Symposium on Wireless Personal Communications (Blacksburg, VA, June 5–7, 2002), pp. 51–60.

D. L. Oltrogge, "Satellite Threat Monitoring for Communications Satellite Operators," 20th AIAA International Communication Satellite Systems Conference and Exhibit (Montreal, Canada, May 12–15, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-2020.

D. L. Oltrogge, R. G. Gist, and S. Alfano, "Satellite Mission Operations Improvements Through Covariance-Based Methods," SatMax 2002: Satellite Performance Workshop (Arlington, VA, Apr. 22, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-1814.

A. Or, R. Wong, R. Atmadja, and J. Ly, "Performance Evaluation of a Precision Pointing Payload," AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit (Monterey, CA, Aug. 5–8, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-5000.

R. Patera, "Satellite Collision Probability for Non-Linear Relative Motion," AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit (Monterey, CA, Aug. 5–8, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-4632.

R. Patera, "Space Vehicle Fly-By Guidance Method," AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit (Monterey, CA, Aug. 5–8, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-4813.

R. P. Patera, "The Probability of a Laser Beam Illuminating a Space Object," AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting (San Antonio, TX, Jan. 27–30, 2002). AAS Paper 02-174.

R. P. Patera, "Quick Method to Determine Long-Term Orbital Collision Risk," SatMax 2002: Satellite Performance Workshop (Arlington, VA, Apr. 22, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-1809.

E. L. Petersen and M. W. Crofton, "Ignition and Oxidation of Dilute Silane-Oxidizer Mixtures Behind Reflected Shock Waves," 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit (Indianapolis, IN, July 7–10, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-3875.

G. Peterson, "Maneuver Optimization for Collision Probability Reduction of Near-Circular Orbit Conjunctions," AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit (Monterey, CA, Aug. 5–8, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-4630.

G. E. Peterson, "Analytic Solution to COLA Maneuver Optimization for Near Circular Orbits," AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting (San Antonio, TX, Jan. 27–30, 2002). AAS Paper 02-116.

S. Raghavan and J. Holmes, "Frequency Band Sharing between NRZ and Split Spectrum Signals-Analysis and Simulation Results," 20th AIAA International Communication Satellite Systems Conference and Exhibit (Montreal, Canada, May 12–15, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-2052.

P. R. Rousseau and P. Pathak, "A Time Domain Uniform Geometrical Theory of Slope Diffraction for a Curved Wedge," Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Elektrik, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 385–398 (2002).

R. J. Rudy, C. C. Venturini, D. K. Lynch, S. M. Mazuk, and R. C. Puetter, "Near-Infrared Emission Lines of V723 Cassiopeiae (Nova Cassiopeiae 1995)," Astrophysics Journal, Vol. 573, pp. 794–802 (July 10, 2002).

S. C. Ruth, "Risk Roadmaps—A Bridge Between a Discipline and SE," INCOSE Los Angeles Mini-Conference (Long Beach, CA, June 8, 2002).

R. S. Selesnick, "Cosmic Ray Access to Jupiter's Magnetosphere," Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 29, No. 9, p. 12-1-4 (May 1, 2002).

M. R. Shane and R. D. Wesel, "Reduced Complexity Iterative Demodulation and Decoding of Serial Concatenated Continuous Phase Modulation," 2002 IEEE International Conference on Communications Proceedings, Vol. 3 (New York, NY, Apr. 28–May 2, 2002), pp. 1672–1676.

C. P. Silva, A. A. Moulthrop, and M. S. Muha, "Polyspectral Techniques for Nonlinear System Modeling and Distortion Compensation," Third IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (Monterey, CA, Apr. 23–25, 2002), pp. 314–315.

E. Simburger, J. Matsumoto, J. Lin, D. E. Frederica, S. Rawal, T. Peterson, and T. Kerslake, "Development of a Multifunctional Inflatable Structure for the Power Sphere Concept," 43rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference (Denver, CO, Apr. 22–25, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-1707.

T. R. Simpson, D. F. Hall, and G. K. Ternet, "Extraction of Properties of Condensed Outgassed Species by Thermogravimetric Analysis," Optical System Contamination: Effects, Measurements and Control VII (Seattle, WA, July 10–11, 2002), SPIE, Vol. 4774, pp. 150–159.

J. Siplon, J. Ewell, and T. Gibson, "ESR Concerns in Tantalum Chip Capacitors Exposed to Non-Oxygen-Containing Environments," Microelectronics Reliability, Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 829–834 (June 2002).

D. M. Speckman, T. L. Jennings, S. LaLumondiere, C. M. Klimcak, S. C. Moss, G. L. Loper, and S. M. Beck, "Biodetection Using Fluorescent Quantum Dots," Technologies, Systems, and Architectures for Transnational Defense (Orlando, FL, Apr. 3–4, 2002), SPIE, Vol. 4745, pp. 136–143.

D. M. Speckman, T. L. Jennings, S. D. LaLumondiere, and S. C. Moss, "Quenching Phenomena in Water-Soluble CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots," Nanoparticulate Materials Symposium (Boston, MA, Nov. 26–29, 2001), Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Vol. 704, pp. 269–274.

S. R. Strom, "Reaching for the Stars," Cite: The Architecture and Design Review of Houston, No. 55, p. 34 (Fall 2002).

A. Sullins, R. Rogers, J. Ly, and C. Dunbar, "Alternate Beam Control Using Bragg Cell Diffraction," AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit (Monterey, CA, Aug. 5–8, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-4999.

L. H. Thaller, "Dealing With Capacity Loss Mechanisms in Nickel-Hydrogen Cells and Batteries," Proceedings of the Sixth European Space Power Conference (ESPC), (Porto, Portugal, May 6–10, 2002), pp. 553–560.

C. Wang, M. Shane, and T. Nguyen, "Radio Frequency Interference From Ground Radars to a Geostationary Satellite," 20th AIAA International Communication Satellite Systems Conference and Exhibit (Montreal, Canada, May 12–15, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-1948.

C. C. Wang and D. J. Sklar, "Performance of a Turbo Coded System With DPSK Modulation Using Enhanced Decoding Metrics and Matched Channel Side Information," 2002 IEEE International Conference on Communications Proceedings, Vol. 2 (Apr. 28–May 2, 2002, New York, NY), pp. 773–777.

H. Wang and W. F. Buell, "Development of a MOT-Based Continuous Cold Cs-Beam Atomic Clock," OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (TOPS), Vol. 74: Quantum Electronics & Laser Science, pp. 93–94.

B. H. Weiller, L. Ceriotti, T. Shibata, D. Rein, M. A. Roberts, J. Lichtenberg, B. German, N. F. de Rooij, and E. Verpoorte, "Analysis of Lipoproteins by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis in Microfluidic Devices: Assay Development and Surface Roughness Measurements," Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 74, No. 7, pp. 1702–1711 (2002).

K. Zondervan and D. Beck, "Approximate Closed-Form Expression for the Probability of Burst of a Pressurized Metal Cylinder Irradiated by a High-Energy Laser," 33rd Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference (Maui, HI, May 20–23, 2002). AIAA Paper 2002-2220.

Patents

H. G. Campbell, R. E. Hovden, G. W. Law, "Janus Reusable Spacecraft System," U.S. Patent No. 6,446,905, Sep. 2002.

A spacecraft system having two substantially similar reusable vehicles, one of which serves as a booster and the other as an orbiter, reduces the cost and complexity of reusable launch systems. The vehicles have identical flight-control and propulsion systems and identical payload bays for receiving mission-specific payloads—for example, a propellant tank for the booster and crew cabin for the orbiter. Each vehicle can be tailored to suit its flight function through the addition of standardized components; for instance, thermal protection might be added to the orbiter, but not to the booster. The use of an identical booster and orbiter reduces overall costs because only one stage of the multistage launch vehicle need be developed. The doubled production run reduces manufacturing cost through greater economy of scale. Launch operations are simplified because only one type of stage needs to be checked and refurbished after landing.

S. H. Choi, M. L. Leung, G. W. Stupian, N. Presser, "Electron Beam Lithography Method Forming Nanocrystal Shadowmasks and Nanometer Etch Masks," U.S. Patent No. 6,440,637, Aug. 2002.

Precise, nanometer-scale shadow masks or photoresists for use during electron-beam lithography can be created from nanocrystals. The Langmuir-Blodgett process is used to form high-aspect-ratio lamellae or wire patterns of silver nanocrystals on the surface of water. The patterns are transferred onto resist-coated substrates as a Langmuir-Schaeffer film for producing the shadow mask. The nanostructure patterns are transferred to the photoresist by spatially selective electron-beam exposure. The nanocrystal structures have a predetermined pattern for selectively blocking the electron beam. The process enables the creation of ultrafine nanometer-sized patterned structures for use in the manufacture of submicron-sized devices such as semiconductors and microelectromechanical systems. The combined use of low-energy electron-beam exposure and self-assembled nanocrystal shadow masks provide a low-cost fabrication technique for forming nanometer-scale semiconductors.

J. K. Coulter and C. F. Klein, "Covert Surveillance System for Tracking Light Sensitive Tagged Moving Vehicles," U.S. Patent 6,465,787, Oct. 2002.

A covert tracking system uses a near-infrared beam to illuminate a tag concealed on a vehicle to produce an image that can be monitored by a near-infrared sensitive camera. This tracking method employs an optical quarter-waveplate attached to an automobile license plate as the hidden tag and alternating pulses of differently polarized light to enhance detection of the tag. Using commercial off-the-shelf equipment, this surveillance system offers an inexpensive method for law enforcement personnel to track suspect vehicles and cargo shipments moving through traffic.

P. A. Dafesh, "Coherent Adaptive Subcarrier Modulation Method," U.S. Patent No. 6,430,213, Aug. 2002.

To help overcome the problem of limited spectrum allocation for radio-frequency communications, this signal modulation method provides efficient frequency reuse within existing bandwidths. The generalized quadrature-product subcarrier modulation system enables the transmission of a quadrature multiplexed carrier modulation with one or more subcarrier signals in the same constant-envelope waveform. The process is suitable for efficient sine-wave and square-wave subcarrier modulations, including quadrature phase shift keying and minimum shift keying. Both direct and spread-spectrum quadrature multiplexed communication systems are appropriate. The quadrature subcarrier modulation enables the addition of new signals to the in-phase and quadrature-phase signals with spectral isolation while maintaining a constant amplitude waveform.

R. B. Dybdal and P. R. Rousseau, "Method to Resolve Interferometric Ambiguities," U.S. Patent No. 6,421,008, July 2002.

This technique improves the performance of interferometric antennas that measure the direction from which radio signals are received. The method resolves interferometric ambiguities for wide-field-of-view systems that require high angular accuracy and operation over wide bandwidths. In such designs, the individual interferometric elements are relatively small. According to this new approach, multiple antenna elements within the overall baseline provide a means by which to resolve the interferometric ambiguities that result because phase can be measured only over one cycle and the modulus cannot be determined. The antenna element spacings are configured to allow high probability of ambiguity resolution over a wide bandwidth. Additionally, radio-frequency combining techniques provide synthetic baseline values for further ambiguity resolution. This approach provides the system designer with a means of minimizing the number of interferometric elements—and hence cost and complexity—while having the assurance of correctly resolving the phase ambiguities with high probability.

O. Esquivel, "Contrast Imaging Method for Inspecting Specular Surface Devices," U.S. Patent No. 6,433,867, Aug. 2002.

Suitable for examining large arrays of solar cells, this inspection technique allows for high-speed optical inspection of specular or highly reflective surfaces. A contrasting patterned image is projected onto the specular surface, which reflects it at an angle to a camera that scans and records it. Defects and flaws in the specular surface cause distortion of the reflected pattern, which are relatively easy to discern. A video camera can be used to capture detailed surface imagery of individual devices. The data can be compared with previous scans to determine, for example, whether surface cracks have grown beyond acceptable levels. The system can be installed at a launch site to provide rapid remote inspections.

J. K. Holmes, G. L. Lui, C.-S. Tsang, "Method of Determining the Carrier Reference Phase of Coherent Demodulation of Frequency Hopped Continuous Phase Modulated Signals With Synch Words Arbitrarily Located Within the Hop," U.S. Patent No. 6,449,304, Sep. 2002.

This patent relates to carrier-phase determination in frequency-hopped radio-frequency communication systems using Gaussian minimum shift keying, a form of continuous phase modulation. Unambiguous carrier-phase estimation is enabled through the use of zeroing channel bits and channel guard bits. The transmitter inserts these bits just prior to a known synch word during transmission of each frequency hop (the synch words are positioned arbitrarily within each hop). The inserted bits force the cumulative data phase to zero. The receiver detects these inserted bits and thus can determine the carrier phase. Once the carrier phase is known, the second data portion of the frequency hop can be demodulated, and during a second demodulation pass, the first data portion can be demodulated.

G. L. Lui and K. Tsai, "Method and Processing System for Estimating Likelihood Ratios for Input Symbol Values," U.S. Patent No. 6,476,739, Nov. 2002.

This invention pertains to the field of communications, and more specifically to the Viterbi algorithms that are commonly used to demodulate received radio signals. It describes a method and processing system for estimating the likelihood ratios for input symbols and determining a soft-decision metric for each one. The process entails: computing trellis-branch metrics based on a received sample sequence; updating initial-state metrics with a Viterbi algorithm; constraining trellises such that only state transitions caused by an input value associated with a particular trellis are allowed; executing the Viterbi algorithm on the constrained trellises for a finite number of steps; and computing likelihood ratios by taking a difference of a maximum-state metric for each trellis with a maximum-state metric of a reference trellis.

D. C. Mayer, J. V. Osborn, S. W. Janson, P. D. Fuqua, "Addressable Diode Isolated Thin Film Array," U.S. Patent No. 6,437,640, Aug. 2002.

Systems that employ arrays of cell elements—such as heating, pyrotechnic, thermionic, or field-emitter elements—generally need to selectively address and activate them. Electrically addressable arrays of elements typically require extensive connections that necessitate complicated routing during semiconductor processing. This new approach offers a simpler alternative: An address element—including a polysilicon resistor, which functions as a heating element, and a blocking diode, which prevents current from reaching unaddressed elements—is selectively addressed using row and column address lines in a thin-film structure having a minimum of address lines and layers. The resistor heater element is well suited for igniting an individual fuel cell in a thin-film microthruster array. The isolating diode allows for individual addressing of micron-sized pyrotechnic elements, cells, or other microelectromechanical devices. The addressing method also enables selective interrogation of individual pyrotechnic cells to determine whether or not they have been ignited.

D. C. Mayer, J. V. Osborn, S. W. Janson, P. D. Fuqua, "Addressable Diode Isolated Thin Film Cell Array," U.S. Patent No. 6,483,368, Nov. 2002.

This patent describes a method of addressing individual cells in an array. An address element—including a polysilicon resistor, which functions as a heating element, and a blocking diode, which prevents current from reaching unaddressed elements—is selectively addressed using row and column address lines in a thin-film structure having a minimum of address lines and layers. The resistor heater element is well suited for igniting individual fuel cells in a thin-film microthruster array.

D. C. Mayer, J. V. Osborn, S. W. Janson, P. D. Fuqua, "Diode Isolated Thin Film Fuel Cell Array Addressing Method," U.S. Patent No. 6,403,403, June 2002.

This method of addressing individual cells in an array can be used in the design of a large array of microthruster cells, each containing heat-sensitive combustible propellant, that can be individually addressed and ignited without damaging neighboring cells. The method addresses and interrogates specific cells having at least one resistor (which functions as a heating element) and one blocking diode (which prevents current from reaching unaddressed elements). The resistor is connected to a primary addressing line and the diode is connected to a secondary addressing line. The cells are selectively addressed using these row and column address lines. A thin-film structure can be thus created with a minimum of address lines and a minimum of polysilicon layers.

T. M. Nguyen, J. K. Holmes, S. H. Raghavan, "Digital Timing Recovery Loop for GMSK Demodulators," U.S. Patent No. 6,411,661, June 2002.

Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) is a form of continuous-phase modulation exhibiting compact spectral occupancy and a constant envelope, which makes it compatible with nonlinear power amplifiers. This patent covers an improved GMSK timing recovery loop, which is used in a GMSK receiver to provide the bit-synchronization signal needed to reconstruct a data sequence. The improved timing recovery loop operates at baseband and reduces the bit-timing synchronization jitter, thereby lowering bit-error rates. The improvement lies in the combination of a hard limiter and a digital transition-tracking loop, which renders the synchronization performance insensitive to low bit-signal-to-noise ratios.

T. M. Nguyen, J. Yoh, A. S. Parker, D. M. Johnson, "High Power Amplifier Linearization Method Using Extended Saleh Model Predistortion," U.S. Patent No. 6,429,740, Aug. 2002.

Developed to improve the accuracy of digital communication systems, this predistortion method serves to linearize the output of nonlinear high-power amplifiers, which inherently suffer from amplitude and phase distortion when converting input signals to output signals. The method can employ either an extended Saleh model or a modified linear-log model. Either can be implemented using an architecture having real-to-complex conversion prior to predistortion and complex-to-real conversion after predistortion. A complex baseband linearizer provides predistortion at baseband for reducing spectral regrowth and improving bit-error performance. The predistortion effects are matched to the amplifier distortions to cancel them out. The extended Saleh model provides a general approach using selected coefficients matched to distortion effects of a particular amplifier.

J. V. Osborn, "RF MEMS Switch," U.S. Patent No. 6,426,687, July 2002.

A radio-frequency switch is manufactured from a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) substrate and a radio-frequency substrate, which are processed independently and then bonded together. The switch is produced by encapsulating a flexing diaphragm that supports a switch electrode, which is used with electrostatic flexing potentials to move electrodes of the MEMS substrate up and down over a radio-frequency transmission line of the radio-frequency substrate. The result is an encapsulated radio-frequency MEMS switch suitable for direct coupling, ac coupling, and direct modulation of radio-frequency signals. Resistant to external contamination, the switch provides a reliable, minimally distorting radio-frequency transmission line for use in high-speed signal switching in advanced communication systems.

J. P. Penn, "High Concentration Spectrum Splitting Solar Collector," U.S. Patent No. 6,469,241, Oct. 2002.

This solar collector employs a two-tiered approach to achieve greater efficiency than previous designs. The collector uses traditional reflective or refractive optics to concentrate collected sunlight along a primary axis while a spectrum splitter sends sunlight along a second axis. The first axis can use traditional Fresnel lenses, curved prismatic Fresnel-type lenses, or mirrors. The spectrum-splitting axis can be perpendicular to the first axis of concentration. This solar concentrator and energy converter provides high concentration ratios and conversion efficiency using an array of horizontally disposed bandgap-optimized photovoltaic cells.

E. J. Simburger, M. J. Meshishnek, D. G. Gilmore, D. A. Smith, M. H. Abraham, F. R. Jeffrey, P. A. Gierow, "Flexible Thin Film Solar Cell," U.S. Patent No. 6,410,362, June 2002.

A flexible space-qualified thin-film solar cell can be produced with a thermally emissive layer for heat rejection. A clear, thermally emissive coating (such as clear polyimide) is deposited directly upon a thin film to form a flexible thin-film solar cell. This cell can be deposited on another thermally emissive coating, which serves as a substrate during semiconductor processing. The associated interconnects and power-processing electronics are integrated into this polymer substrate, forming a flexible printed circuit board. The resulting flexible thin-film solar cell can be illuminated on the top and eject heat from both top and bottom. The cell is suitable for forming a solar-cell array covering a curved surface such as a PowerSphere nanosatellite.

K. Siri, "Fault Tolerant Maximum Power Tracking Solar Power System," U.S. Patent No. 6,433,522, Aug. 2002.

This power-tracking system maximizes the power deliverable from an energy source, such as a solar array. It uses increasing, decreasing, and steady states controlled by a set-point signal modulated by a dither signal. This allows for stabilized regular power tracking during periods of low demand and maximum power tracking during periods of high demand. For systems involving several power sources, multiple sets of parallel-connected converters and maximum-power trackers can be coupled in parallel using shared bus and control signals for fault-tolerant equalized power conversion. When used with multiple solar arrays—which can have quite different characteristics—some trackers can actively regulate maximum power flows from arrays that have deficient power while the remaining trackers are inactive. This is possible because the remaining solar arrays provide sufficient power to allow dc-dc converters to regulate the load voltage.

G.-T. Tseng, J.-L. Yang, S. L. Johns, C. A. Wu, "GPS Patch Antenna Attitude Reference Method," U.S. Patent No. 6,452,543, Sep. 2002.

Determining the spin-axis attitude of a spinning space vehicle has been traditionally accomplished using a combination of sun and Earth-horizon sensors. This approach offers an alternative for vehicles orbiting below the GPS constellation. An antenna pattern null is created to receive signals from at least three visible GPS satellites, which function as pseudo stars for reference. The new sensor system includes a GPS receiver, a conventional sum and difference hybrid, and two 1/4-wave-plate patch antennas.

G.-T. Tseng, J.-L. Yang, S. L. Johns, C. A. Wu, "GPS Patch Antenna Attitude Reference System," U.S. Patent No. 6,459,406, Oct. 2002.

This patent describes a system for determining the spin-rate and spin-axis attitude of a space vehicle in Earth orbit below the GPS constellation. A pair of 1/4-wave patch antennas forms an antenna pattern null for receiving signals from at least three GPS satellites. Placed side by side on the space vehicle, the two antennas create an overlapping gain pattern with sum and null midway between them using a conventional 180-degree hybrid. The sum signal is used for conventional GPS signal detection and reception and for space-vehicle navigation. The difference signal serves as a time reference for determining the spin rate and is also used to determine azimuth angles for the GPS satellites for computing the spin-axis attitude of the spacecraft.

R. J. Zaldivar, J. P. Nokes, G. F. Hawkins, "Glass Transition Temperature Measurement System," U.S. Patent No. 6,425,686, July 2002.

This device can be used to identify the glass-transition temperature of a composite material after fabrication, thereby verifying that the material has cured completely. The system includes a pointed probe that penetrates the sample. A heater raises the sample's temperature high enough to induce a phase change from solid to semisolid. A thermocouple measures the temperature while a motion transducer measures the amount of probe penetration, which will increase sharply at the glass-transition temperature. A portable version can be used in the field to test the glass-transition properties of various composite materials, including those used in buildings and bridges. Used in conjunction with other nondestructive evaluation techniques, the system can check structures over the course of many years to verify their continued stability.

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