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Recent Publications and Patents by the Aerospace Technical Staff

Publications

(March 2000–November 2000)

S. T. Amimoto, D. J. Chang, and A. Birkitt, "Stress Measurements in Silicon Microstructures," Proceedings SPIE, Vol. 3933, 113–121 (2000).

P. C. Anderson, D. L. McKenzie, et al., "Global Storm Time Auroral X-ray Morphology and Timing and Comparison With UV Measurements," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 105, No. A7, 15,757–15,777 (July 1, 2000).

E. J. Beiting, "Measurements of Stratospheric Plume Dispersion by Imagery of Solid Rocket Motor Exhaust," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 105, No. D5, 6891–6901 (Mar. 16, 2000).

K. Bell et al., "A Joint NASA and DOD Deployable Optics Space Experiment," UV, Optical, and IR Space Telescopes and Instruments, Proceedings of the Conference (Munich, Germany, Mar. 29–31, 2000), Bellingham, WA, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 4013, 568–579.

K. Bell et al., "Ultra-Lightweight Optics for Space Applications," UV, Optical, and IR Space Telescopes and Instruments, Proceedings of the Conference (Munich, Germany, Mar. 29–31, 2000), Bellingham, WA, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 4013, 687–698.

K. Bell, R. Moser, et al., "A Deployable Optical Telescope Ground Demonstration," UV, Optical, and IR Space Telescopes and Instruments, Proceedings of the Conference (Munich, Germany, Mar. 29–31, 2000), Bellingham, WA, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 4013, 559–567.

J. F. Binkley, J. B. Clark, and C. E. Spiekermann, "Improved Procedure for Combining Day-of-Launch Atmospheric Flight Loads," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 37, No. 4, 459–462 (Aug. 2000).

J. B. Blake, J. Fennell, R. Selesnick, et al., "A Multi-Spacecraft Synthesis of Relativistic Electrons in the Inner Magnetosphere Using LANL, GOES, GPS, SAMPEX, HEO, and POLAR," Advances in Space Research, Vol. 26, No. 1, 93–98 (July 2000).

J. B. Blake et al., "Magnetospheric Relativistic Electron Response to Magnetic Cloud Events of 1997," Advances in Space Research, Vol. 25, Nos. 7–8, 1387–1392 (Apr. 2000).

J. B. Blake, M. Looper, et al., "SAMPEX Observations of Precipitation Bursts in the Outer Radiation Belt," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 105, No. A7, 15,875–15,885 (July 1, 2000).

W. F. Buell, R. W. Farley, et al., "Bayesian Spectrum Analysis for Laser Vibrometry Processing," Laser Radar Technology and Applications V, Proceedings of the Conference (Orlando, FL, Apr. 26–28, 2000), Bellingham, WA, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 4096, No. 190, 444–455.

D. J. Chang, P. R. Valenzuela, and T. V. Albright, "Failure Simulation of Composite Rocket Motor Cases," Proceedings, 2000 National Space and Missile Materials Symposium (San Diego, CA, March 1, 2000), pp. 1–14.

I-S. Chang, "Chinese Space Launch Failures," Proceedings 22nd International Symposium on Space Technology and Science (Morioka, Japan, May 28–June 4, 2000), pp. 1–10.

I-S. Chang, "Overview of World Space Launches," Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 16, No. 5, 853–866 (Oct. 2000).

J. B. Clark, M. C. Kim, and A. M. Kabe, "Statistical Analysis of Atmospheric Flight Gust Loads Analysis Data," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 37, No. 4, 443–445 (Aug. 2000).

J. E. Clark et al., "Overview of the GPS M Code Signal," Navigating into the New Millennium; Proceedings of the Institute of Navigation National Technical Meeting (Anaheim, CA, Jan. 26–28, 2000), pp. 542–549.

J. H. Clemmons et al., "Observations of Traveling Pc5 Waves and Their Relation to the Magnetic Cloud Event of January 1997," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 105, No. A3, 5441–5452 (Mar. 1, 2000).

S. V. Didziulis, P. P. Frantz, and G. Radhakrishnan, "The Frictional Properties of Titanium Carbide, Titanium Nitride and Vanadium Carbide: Measurement of a Compositional Dependence with Atomic Force Microscopy," Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, Vol. 18, No. 1, 69–75 (Jan/Feb 2000).

J. F. Fennell et al., "Comprehensive Particle and Field Observations of Magnetic Storms at Different Local Times from the CRRES Spacecraft," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 105, No. A8, 18,729–18,740 (Aug. 1, 2000).

J. F. Fennell et al., "Energetic Magnetosheath Ions Connected to the Earth's Bow Shock—Possible Source of Cusp Energetic Ions," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 105, No. A3, 5471–5488 (Mar. 1, 2000).

J. F. Fennell and J. L. Roeder, "Entry of Plasma Sheet Particles into the Inner Magnetosphere as Observed by Polar/ CAMMICE," Proceedings of the 1998 Cambridge Symposium/Workshop in Geoplasma Physics on "Multiscalle Phenomena in Space Plasmas II," No. 15, Edited by T. Chang (1998), pp. 388–393.

J. F. Fennell, J. L. Roeder, J. B. Blake, et al., "POLAR CEPPAD/IPS Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) Images of a Substorm Injection," Advances in Space Research, Vol. 25, No. 12, 2407–2416 (June 2000).

A. Gillam and S. P. Presley, "A Paradigm Shift in Conceptual Design," Proceedings, International CIRP Design Seminar (Haifa, Israel, May 16–18, 2000), pp. 41–46.

E. Harvie, M. Phenneger, et al., "GOES On-Orbit Storage Mode Attitude Dynamics and Control," Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 103, pt. 2, No. 190, 1095– 1114 (2000).

D. F. Hall et al., "Measurement of Long-Term Outgassing from the Materials Used on the MSX Spacecraft," Optical Systems Contamination and Degradation II—Effects, Measurements, and Control, Proceedings of the Conference (San Diego, CA, Aug. 2–3, 2000), Bellingham, WA, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 4096, 28–40.

D. F. Hall et al., "Observations of the Particle Environment Surrounding the MSX Spacecraft," Optical Systems Contamination and Degradation II—Effects, Measurements, and Control, Proceedings of the Conference (San Diego, CA, Aug. 2–3, 2000), Bellingham, WA, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 4096, 21–27.

D. F. Hall et al., "Outgassing of Optical Baffles and Primary Mirror During Cryogen Depletion of a Space-Based Infrared Instrument," Optical Systems Contamination and Degradation II—Effects, Measurements, and Control, Proceedings of the Conference (San Diego, CA, Aug. 2–3, 2000), Bellingham, WA, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 4096, 11–20.

D. F. Hall et al., "Update of the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) Satellite Measurements of Contaminant Films Using QCMs," Optical Systems Contamination and Degradation II—Effects, Measurements, and Control, Proceedings of the Conference (San Diego, CA, Aug. 2–3, 2000), Bellingham, WA, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 4096, No. 190, 1–10.

D. F. Hall, G. S. Arnold, T. R. Simpson, D. R. Suess, and P. A. Nystrom, "Progress on Spacecraft Contamination Model Development," Optical Systems Contamination and Degradation II—Effects, Measurements, and Control, Proceedings of the Conference (San Diego, CA, Aug. 2–3, 2000), Bellingham, WA, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 4096, No. 190, 138–156.

C. Hay and J. Wong, "Enhancing GPS—Tropospheric Delay Prediction at the Master Control Station," GPS World, Vol. 11, No. 1, 56–62 (Jan. 2000).

J. H. Hecht, A. B. Christensen, et al., "Thermospheric Disturbance Recorded by Photometers Onboard the ARIA II Rocket," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 105, No. A2, 2461–2475 (Feb. 2000).

K. C. Herr et al., "Spectral Anomalies in the 11 and 12 Micron Region from the Mariner Mars 7 Infrared Spectrometer," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 105, No. E9, 22507–22515 (Sept. 25, 2000).

A. A. Jhemi et al., "Optimization of Rotorcraft Flight in Engine Failure," Proceedings AHS International, Annual Forum, 56th (Virginia Beach, VA, May 2–4, 2000), Vol. 1, 523–536 (2000).

A. M. Kabe, C. E. Spiekermann, M. C. Kim, S. S. Lee, "Refined Day-of-Launch Atmospheric Flight Loads Analysis Approach," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 37, No. 4, 453–458 (Aug. 2000).

J. A. Kechichian, "Minimum-Time Constant Acceleration Orbit Transfer With First-Order Oblateness Effect," Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 23, No. 4, 595–603 (Aug. 2000).

J. A. Kechichian, "Transfer Trajectories from Low Earth Orbit to a Large L1-Centered Class I Halo Orbit in the Sun-Earth Circular Problem," The Richard H. Battin Astrodynamics Symposium (College Station, TX, March 20–21, 2000).

M. C. Kim, A. M. Kabe, S. S. Lee, "Atmospheric Flight Gust Loads Analysis," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 37, No. 4, 446–452 (Aug. 2000).

H. C. Koons, "Application of the Statistics of Extreme Valves to Space Science," Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union Spring 2000 Meeting (Washington, D.C., May 30, 2000), pp. 1–22.

H. C. Koons and J. F. Fennell, "Space Environment—Effects on Space System," Proceedings of the Chapman Conference on Space Weather (Clearwater, FL, March 2000), pp. 1–13.

J. C. Latta, "Production Cost Improvement," Proceedings, ISPA 2000 (Noorwijk, The Netherlands, May 8–10, 2000), pp. 1–30.

T. S. Lomheim, "Hands-On Science Instruction for Elementary Education Majors," Optical Engineering Reports: SPIE Education Column, No. 195, 11 (March 2000).

K. T. Luey, D. J. Coleman, and J. C. Uht, "Separation of Volatile and Nonvolatile Deposits on Real-Time SAW NVR Detectors (Nonvolatile Residue Detectors for Spacecraft Contamination," Optical Systems Contamination and Degradation II—Effects, Measurements, and Control, Proceedings of the Conference (San Diego, CA, Aug. 2–3, 2000), Bellingham, WA, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 4096, 109–118.

D. C. Marvin et al., "Enabling Power Technologies for Small Satellites," Proceedings of Space 2000: The 7th International Conference and Exposition on Engineering, Construction, Operations, and Business in Space (Albuquerque, NM, Feb. 27–Mar. 2, 2000), pp. 530–536.

J. E. Mazur, "Interplanetary Magnetic Field Line Mixing Deduced from Impulsive Solar-Flare Particles," Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 532, L79–L82 (March 20, 2000).

J. E. Mazur et al., "Characteristics of Energetic (Not Less Than Approximately 30 keV/nucleon) Ions Observed by the Wind/STEP Instrument Upstream of the Earth's Bow Shock," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 105, No. A1 61–78 (Jan. 2000).

J. E. Mazur, J. B. Blake, M. D. Looper, et al., "Anomalous Cosmic Ray Argon and Other Rare Elements at 1-4 MeV/nucleon Trapped Within the Earth's Magnetosphere," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 105, No. A9, 21,015–21,023 (Sept. 2000).

D. L. McKenzie et al., "Global X-ray Emission During an Isolated Substorm—A Case Study," Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 62, No. 10, 889–900 (July 2000).

D. L. McKenzie et al., "Studies of X-ray Observations from PIXIE," Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Vol. 62, No. 10, 875–888 (July 2000).

M. C. McNab et al., "Mappings of Auroral X-ray Emissions to the Equatorial Magnetosphere—A Study of the 11 April 1997 Event," Advances in Space Research, Vol. 25, Nos. 7–8, 1645–1650 (Apr. 2000).

K. W. Meyer and C. C. Chao, "Atmospheric Reentry Disposal for Low-Altitude Spacecraft," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 37, No. 5, 670–674 (Oct. 2000).

R. L. Moser, K. D. Bell, et al., "Experimental Control of Microdynamic Events Observed During the Testing of a Large Deployable Optical Structure," UV, Optical, and IR Space Telescopes and Instruments Proceedings of the Conference (Munich, Germany, Mar. 29–31, 2000), Bellingham, WA, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 4013, 715–726.

R. L. Moser, M. J. Stallard, et al., "Low Cost Microsatellites—Innovative Approaches to Breaking the Cost Paradigm," AIAA Space 2000 Conference and Exhibition (Long Beach, CA, Sept. 19–21, 2000).

T. M. Nguyen and J. M. Charroux, "Baseband Carrier Phase Tracking Technique for Gaussian Minimum Shift-Keying," AIAA Space 2000 Conference and Exhibition (Long Beach, CA, Sept. 19–21, 2000).

T. M. Nguyen, C. C. Wang, and L. B. Jocic, "Wideband CDMA for NavCom Systems," AIAA Space 2000 Conference and Exhibition (Long Beach, CA, Sept. 19–21, 2000).

A. V. Rao, "Minimum-Variance Estimation of Reentry Debris Trajectories," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 37, No. 3, 366–373 (June 2000).

A. F. Rivera, "The Impact of Power Architecture on Electromagnetic Interference Control," Space Power Workshop-2000 (Torrance, CA, April 13, 2000), pp. 1–14.

B. H. Sako, M. C. Kim, A. M. Kabe, and W. K. Yeung, "Derivation of Atmospheric Gust-Forcing Functions for Launch-Vehicle Loads Analysis," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 37, No. 4, 434–442 (Aug. 2000).

K. Siri, "Study of System Instability in Solar-Array-Based Power Systems," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 36, No. 3, 957–964 (July 2000).

C. E. Spiekermann, B. H. Sako, and A. M. Kabe, "Identifying Slowly Varying and Turbulent Wind Features for Flight Loads Analyses," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 37, No. 4, 426–433 (Aug. 2000).

P. Thomas et al., "MightySat II—On-Orbit Lab Bench for Air Force Research Laboratory," 12th AIAA/USU Annual Conference on Small Satellites Proceedings (Utah State University, Logan (Aug. 21–24, 2000).

W. M. VanLerbergher et al., "Mixing of a Sonic Transverse Jet Injected into a Supersonic flow," AIAA Journal, Vol. 38, No. 3, 470–479 (Mar. 2000).

R. L. Walterscheid, J. H. Hecht, et al., "Evidence of Reflection of a Long-Period Gravity Wave in Observations of the Nightglow Over Arecibo on May 8–9, 1989," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 105, No. D5, 6927–6934 (Mar. 16, 2000).

H. T. Yura, L. Thrane, and P. E. Anderson, "Analysis of Optical Coherence Tomography Systems Based on the Extended Huygens-Fresnel Principle," Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Vol. 17, No. 3, 484–490 (March 2000).

A. H. Zimmerman, "Charge Management Issues for NiH2 Batteries," Proceedings, 18th Annual Space Power Workshop (Torrance, CA, April 11, 2000), pp. 1–15.

Patents

(March 2000–November 2000)

C. J. Clark, A. A. Moulthrop, M. S. Muha, C. P. Silva, "Frequency Translating Device Transmission Response System," U.S. Patent No. 6,064,694, May 2000.

A three-pair measurement method determines amplitude and phase transmission response of frequency translating devices, including a device under test and two test devices using a vector network analyzer and a controller where one of the devices has reciprocal frequency response characteristics. The measurement method provides a low-pass equivalent transmission response of the devices.

J. T. Dickey, "Microelectronic Substrate Active Thermal Cooling Wick," U.S. Patent No. 6,070,656, June 2000.

This device relies on the latent heat of vaporization and on differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion of materials, which will cause a flex in the wick structure as it is heated or cooled. Current technology removes energy at a consistent rate from all areas of a device. Because high heat areas change with time in most devices, this cooling wick actively modifies the fluid flow paths in reaction to those time-dependent changes. This allows the heat-dissipating device to maintain more uniform, cooler temperatures. The purpose is to aid in thermal control of high heat flux components on the micro scale.

L. K. Herman, C. M. Heatwole, G. M. Manke, I. M. McCain, B. T. Hamada, "Pseudo Gyro," U.S. Patent No. 6,020,956, Feb. 2000.

By means of software processes, a pseudo gyro emulates mechanical gyros. It processes space system appendage measurement data and reaction wheel tachometer data within reference and control systems of a satellite using principles of conservation of momentum to compute vehicular bus angular velocity rate data by accounting for the momentum transfer between satellite bus and appendages. This technique can be useful for extending hardware gyro lifetime and/or replacement of failed gyros on satellites.

R. S. Jackson, G. M. Manke, "Control System for Counter-Oscillating Masses," U.S. Patent No. 6,107,770, Aug. 2000.

This control system stabilizes the flexible body bending modes of a space, airborne, or ground-based system, while providing angular position control of an oscillating mass connected to a counter-oscillating counterbalance. The actuating mechanism uses two drive motors to exert torques on the mass and counterbalance, under the control of a feedback controller. The controller's two channels generate first and second torque command signals for the two drives. The second channel filters out input frequencies in a predetermined bandwidth about the frequency of the first torque command signal. The system reduces sensitivity to flexible body system modes and allows maximum pointing accuracy for the payload. Applications include lidar or other similar systems.

S. H. Raghavan, J. K. Holmes, "NRZ and Biphase-L Formatted Hexaphase Modulated GPS Transmission Method," U.S. Patent No. 6,075,810, June, 2000.

This transmission method provides for the simultaneous modulation of the C/A code, the P(Y) code, and a new code, all modulating a single carrier for Global Positioning System (GPS) use in one or both L1 and L2 bands. This allows addition of a new military signal in the same frequency band and C/A code deniability without affecting the new signal.

C. P. Silva, A. M. Young, "High Frequency Anharmonic Oscillator for the Generation of Broadband Deterministic Noise," U.S. Patent No. 6,127,899, Oct. 2000.

This invention provides a means to generate very-high-frequency, broadband, chaotic electrical signals that exhibit noise-like characteristics. The signals can be used to carry information in the same way a modulated sinusoidal carrier is used in a conventional AM or FM system. The oscillator is based on a forced second-order Duffing equation and is quite robust against the deleterious effects that normally arise in high-frequency operation. This design provides the fundamental enabling technology needed to develop and demonstrate an operational microwave chaos-based communications link and thus determine the unique application contexts and features of such a system.

E. J. Simburger, "Power Sphere," U.S. Patent No. 6,127,621, Oct. 2000.

This invention addresses the problem of connecting solar cells mounted on a curved surface such as a sphere by having the cells connected in parallel to the array power bus through individual DC-DC converters. This allows each solar cell to deliver all of the power that it can produce based upon the amount of sunlight it is actually receiving. The DC-DC converters provide the mechanism of boosting the voltage generated by each individual cell to a level usable by the load connected to the solar array. This invention makes practicable solar array shapes other than flat panels or cylinders.

R. P. Welle, "Ultrasonic Power Sensory System," U.S. Patent No. 6,127,942, Oct. 2000.

In a coupled transducer system, a power signal sent from an external controller energizes the first transducer, which converts the signal into an acoustic wave that is communicated through the coupling medium to the second transducer. The acoustic wave is transformed by the second transducer into an electrical signal that can be converted into useful power. The primary advantage is the transfer of power through a coupling medium without the use of electrical power wires.

A. D. Yarbrough, "Micromachined Rotating Integrated Switch," U.S. Patent No. 6,072,686, June 2000.

This is a micromachined switch and filter combination suitable for use in high-performance, millimeter-wave receivers. It consists of an electrostatically driven switch mechanism with a bidirectionally rotating member having two positions for integrated circuit connection to the input feed for nearby filter structures. Control traces carry electrical signals generating electrical fields to provide electrostatic force upon the rotating member and thus turn the switch clockwise or counterclockwise.

K. Siri, "Power Converters for Multiple Input Power Supplies," U.S. Patent No. 6,088,250, July 2000.

This improved power converter uses two conventional charging and discharging switches operating in a complementary mode and driven by a switch driver controlled by a power factor correction controller. Use of a blocking diode for blocking cross-coupled short-circuit paths and an absorption capacitor are key design features. Applications include switching power converters used for power factor correction in polyphase power systems and power sharing among distributed power sources to a common load.

S. H. Raghavan, J. K. Holmes, "NRZ and Biphase-L Formatted Quadriphase Modulated GPS Transmission Method," U.S. Patent No. 6,148,022, Nov. 2000.

This transmission method provides for the simultaneous modulation of two codes such as the GPS C/A code and an arbitrary new code modulating a single carrier for GPS use in one or both L1 and L2 bands. This would allow addition of a new military signal in the same frequency band and C/A code deniability without affecting the new military signal.

T. M. Nguyen, J. M. Charroux, "Precoded Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying Carrier Tracking Loop," U.S. Patent No. 6,148,040, Nov. 2000.

This invention provides carrier phase tracking using data precoded GMSK signals. It is an improved timing recover loop offering closed loop generation of a data timing signal at a baseband frequency. The technique improves noise rejection, and provides fast data acquisition by operating at baseband.

To Winter 2000/2001 Table of Contents