Bookmarks

Recent Publications and Patents by the Aerospace Technical Staff

Publications

(September 2002–June 2003)

S. Alfano and M. Greer, "Determining if Two Ellipsoids Share the Same Volume," AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Conference (Quebec, Canada, July 30–Aug. 2, 2001), pp. 771–783, AAS Paper 01-357.

S. Alfano and M. Greer, "Determining if Two Solid Ellipsoids Intersect," Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 106–110 (Jan.–Feb. 2003).

P. C. Anderson and M. W. Chen, "Examination of the Storm/Substorm Relationship Using Global Auroral X-ray Images," Journal of Geophysical Research. A. Space Physics (0148-0227), Vol. 107, No. A10, pp. SMP 24-1–SMP 24-15 (Oct. 1, 2002).

D. A. Bearden, "A Complexity-Based Risk Assessment of Low-Cost Planetary Missions—When is a Mission Too Fast and Too Cheap?" Acta Astronautica, Vol. 52, No. 2–6, pp. 371–379 (Jan. 2003).

D. A. Bearden, "Observations on Complexity and Costs for over Three Decades of Communications Satellites," 53rd International Astronautical Congress of the International Aeronautical Federation (IAF) (Houston, TX, Oct. 10–19, 2002), IAC Paper 02-IAA.1.4.01.

P. A. Bertrand, "Effects of Perfluoropolyalkyl Ethers and Perfluorinated Acids on Crack Growth in Soda-Lime Glass," Tribology Letters, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 245–249 (2003).

J. E. Brandenburg, J F. Kline, and V. Dipietro, "Theoretical and Experimental Progress on the GEM (Gravity-Electro-Magnetism) Theory of Field Unification," Fundamental Theories of Physics, Vol. 126, pp. 267–278 (2002).

J. Camparo, "Reduction of Laser Phase-Noise to Amplitude-Noise Conversion in the Gas-Cell Atomic Clock," IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (New Orleans, LA, May 29–31, 2002), pp. 476–479.

J. Caplin, "Descent-Phase Control of a Reusable Launch Vehicle," 21st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (Irvine, CA, Oct. 27–31, 2002), Vol. 2, p. 9D1-1-11.

K. F. Chan, "Determination of Minimum Spacecraft Separation at Conjunction," 2002 Core Technologies for Space Systems Conference (Colorado Springs, CO, Nov. 19–21, 2002).

K. F. Chan, "Improved Analytical Expressions for Computing Spacecraft Collision Probabilities," AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting (Ponce, Puerto Rico, Feb. 9–13, 2003), AAS Paper 03-184.

K. F. Chan, "Signal Fading in the Ionosphere for a Variety of Disturbance Sources," IES 2002 Ionospheric Effects Symposium (Alexandria, VA, May 7–9, 2002).

K. F. Chan, "A Simple Mathematical Approach for Determining Intersection of Quadratic Surfaces," AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Conference (Quebec, Canada, July 30–Aug. 2, 2001), pp. 785–801, AAS Paper 01-358.

C. C. Chao, "Mathematical Derivations of the 'e-I' and Halo GEO Collocation Methods," AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Conference (Quebec, Canada, July 30–Aug. 2, 2001), pp. 239–254, AAS Paper 01-316.

P. G. Cheng, D. D. Chism, W. H. Goodman, P. L. Smith, W. F. Tosney, and M. S. Giblin, "Space Systems Engineering Lessons Learned System," SatMax 2002—Satellite Performance Workshop (Arlington, VA, Apr. 22, 2002), AIAA Paper 2002–1804.

M. Clifford, "Networking in the Solar Trust Model: Determining Optimal Trust Paths in a Decentralized Trust Network," 18th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference Proceedings (Las Vegas, NV, Dec. 9–13, 2002), pp. 271–281.

R. C. Cole, R. Robertson, J. Swenson, and J. V. Osborn, "MEMS Packaging Technique Using HF Vapor Release," International Conference and Exhibition on Advanced Packaging and Systems: ICAPS 2002 (Reno, NV, Mar. 10–13, 2002), SPIE Vol. 4828, pp. 156–160.

J. K. Coulter, C. F. Klein, and J. C. Jafolla, "Two Optical Methods for Vehicle Tagging," Sensors and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C³I) Technologies for Homeland Defense and Law Enforcement (Orlando, FL, Apr. 1–5, 2002), SPIE Vol. 4708, pp. 354–365.

S. J. DiMaggio, "Acceptance Screening of Turbopump Gears Using the Cepstrum Method," Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 572–576 (May–June 2002).

S. J. DiMaggio, B. H. Sako, and S. Rubin, "Analysis of Nonstationary Vibroacoustic Flight Data Using a Damage-Potential Basis," 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference (Norfolk, VA, Apr. 7–10, 2003), AIAA Paper 2003-1973.

K. W. Dotson, R. L. Baker, and B. H. Sako, "Limit-Cycle Oscillation Induced by Nonlinear Aerodynamic Forces," AIAA Journal, Vol. 28, No. 11, pp. 2197–2205 (Nov. 2002).

C. Dunbar, "Beam Steering Testing Facility," AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit (Monterey, CA, Aug. 5–8, 2002), AIAA Paper 2002-4998.

R. B. Dybdal and S. J. Curry, "An Uplink Antenna for Electronic Beam Steering and Interference Reduction," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (San Antonio, TX, June 16–21, 2002), Part Vol. 1, pp. 590–593.

R. B. Dybdal and D. D. Pidhayny, "Rate Corrected Step Track," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (San Antonio, TX, June 16–21, 2002), Part Vol. 4, pp. 752–755.

N. E. Feldman, "Communications Payload Planning for GOES-R," 21st AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference: ICSSC (Yokohama, Japan, Apr. 15–19, 2003), AIAA Paper 2003-2211.

L. C. Fernandez-Torres, S. S. Perry, S. V. Didziulis, and P. P. Frantz, "The Interaction of Ammonia with Transition Metal Carbide Surfaces," Surface Science, Vol. 511, pp. 121–132 (2002).

P. P. Frantz, S. V. Didziulis, L. C. Fernandez-Torres, R. Guenard, and S. S. Perry, "Reaction of Methanol with TiC and VC (100) Surfaces," Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 106(25), pp. 6456–6464 (2002).

B. E. Gardner, A. C. Hoheb, and D. J. Evans, "Enhancing Continuing Learning Support Systems for Corporate Engineers and Scientists," IEEE Aerospace Conference (Big Sky, MT, Mar. 8–15, 2003), IEEEAC Paper 1117.

J. A. Gelbwachs and R. W. Farley, "GLITTER: Cloud-Based Lidar Altimeter: Modeling and Experimental Plan," 21st International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC21): Lidar Remote Sensing in Atmospheric and Earth Sciences (Quebec, Canada, July 8–12, 2002), Vol. 2, pp. 643–644.

G. R. Gibson, S. G. Janssen, L. F. Bradford, and R. S. Groom, "An Overview of the Development of Dynamic Environments for Atlas V Launch Vehicles," 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference (Norfolk, VA, Apr. 7–10, 2003), AIAA Paper 2003-1970.

D. F. Hall and D. C. Marvin, "Effects of Molecular Contamination on Triple Junction Solar Cells," Optical System Contamination: Effects, Measurements, and Control VII (Seattle, WA, July 9–11, 2002), SPIE Vol. 4774, pp. 129–134.

W. W. Hansen, S. W. Janson, and H. Helvajian, "Reduction in Ignition Energy for Single Shot Microthrusters Using Pulsed Laser Excitation," High-Power Laser Ablation IV (Taos, NM, Apr. 22–26, 2002), SPIE Vol. 4760, pp. 743–751.

G. F. Hawkins, M. O'Brien, R. Zaldivar, and H. von Bremen, "Machine-Augmented Composites," Smart Structures and Materials 2002: Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies (San Diego, CA, Mar. 18–21, 2002), SPIE Vol. 4698, pp. 231–236.

J. Huang, S. Virji, and B. H. Weiller, "Polyaniline Nanofibers: Facile Synthesis and Chemical Sensors," Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 125, No. 2, pp. 314–315 (2003).

T. Jackson, S. Harbater, J. Sketoe, and T. Kinney, "Development of Standard Formats for Space Systems Reliability Models," Conference on Reliability and Maintainability (RAMS) (Tampa, FL, Jan. 27–30, 2003), pp. 269–276.

A. B. Jenkin and R. A. Gick, "Collision Risk Posed to the Global Positioning System by Disposal Orbit Instability," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 532–539 (July–Aug. 2002).

L. K. Johnson, G. G. Spanjers, D. R. Bromaghim, M. W. Dulligan, and W. A. Hoskins, "On-Orbit Optical Observations of Electric Propulsion Space Experiment 26-kilowatt Arcjet," Journal of Propulsion and Power (0748-4658), Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 763–767 (July 2002).

J. A. Kechichian, "Local Regularization of the Restricted Elliptic Three-Body Problem in Rotating Coordinates," Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 1064–1072 (Nov.–Dec. 2002).

J. A. Kechichian, "Optimum Thrust Pitch Profiles for Certain Orbit Control Problems," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 253–259 (Mar. 2003).

J. A. Kechichian, "Regularization of the Restricted Elliptic Three-Body Problem in the Sun-Earth L1-Centered Rotating System," AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Conference (Quebec, Canada, July 30–Aug. 2, 2001), pp. 367–387, AAS Paper 01-325.

R. Kendall and J. Knauf, "EELV Integration—Preparing the Government to Fly on a New Generation of Launch Vehicles," 53rd International Astronautical Congress of the International Aeronautical Federation (IAF) (Houston, TX, Oct. 10–19, 2002), IAC Paper 02-V.1.08.

L. E. Kirkland, K. C. Herr, P. M. Adams, J. McAfee, and J. W. Salisbury, "Thermal Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging from Vehicle-Carried Instrumentation," Imaging Spectrometry VIII (Seattle, WA, July 8–10, 2002), SPIE Vol. 4816, pp. 415–425.

R. Koga, P. Yu, S. Crain, K. Crawford, and K. Chao, "Single Event Transient (SET) Sensitivity of Advanced BiCMOS Technology (ABT) Buffers and Transceivers," IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference, Radiation Effects Data Workshop (Phoenix, AZ, July 15–19, 2002), pp. 67–74.

R. Koga, P. Yu, K. Crawford, S. Crain, and V. Tran, "Comparison of Heavy Ion and Proton-Induced Single Event Effects (SEE) Sensitivities" IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Sciences (USA), Vol. 49, No. 6, Pt.1, pp. 3135–3141 (Dec. 2002).

R. Kumar, "A Novel Approach to the Analysis of Non-uniform Analog-to-Digital Converters for Wideband Communication Satellite Systems," 21st AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference: ICSSC (Yokohama, Japan, Apr. 15–19, 2003), AIAA Paper 2003-2294.

R. Kumar and D. Taggart, "Analysis and Simulation Results on the Non-uniform Analog-to-Digital Converters Performance for Wideband Communication Satellite Systems," 21st AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference: ICSSC (Yokohama, Japan, Apr. 15–19, 2003), AIAA Paper 2003-2295.

D. B. Kunkee, N. S. Chauhan, and J. J. Jewell, "Phase One Development of the NPOESS Conical-Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS)," IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium: IGARSS 2002 (Toronto, Canada, June 24–28, 2002), Vol. 2, pp. 1005–1007.

D. B. Kunkee, N. S. Chauhan, and J. J. Jewell, "Spectrum Management for the NPOESS Conical-Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS)," IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium: IGARSS 2002 (Toronto, Canada, June 24–28, 2002), Vol. 2, pp. 1002–1004.

S. LaLumondiere, R. Koga, J. V. Osborn, D. C. Mayer, R. C. Lacoe, and S. C. Moss, "Wavelength Dependence of Transient Laser-Induced Latchup in Epi-CMOS Test Structures," IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 3059–3066 (Dec 2002).

S. LaLumondiere, R. Koga, P. Yu, M. Maher, and S. C. Moss, "Laser-Induced and Heavy Ion-Induced Single-Event Transient (SET) Sensitivity Measurements on 139-Type Comparators," IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 3121–3128 (Dec. 2002).

S. LaLumondiere, S. C. Moss, and J. C. Camparo, "A Space Experiment Examining the Response of a Geosynchronous Quartz Crystal Oscillator to Various Levels of Solar Activity," IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 201–213 (Mar. 2003).

C. Landauer and K. L. Bellman, "Integration Science and Distributed Networks," Technologies, Systems, and Architectures for Transnational Defense (Orlando, FL, Apr. 3–4, 2002), SPIE Vol. 4745, pp. 119–129.

T. J. Lang, "A Parametric Examination of Satellite Constellations to Minimize Revisit Time for Low Earth Orbits Using a Genetic Algorithm," AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Conference (Quebec, Canada, July 30–Aug. 2, 2001), pp. 625–640, AAS Paper 01-345.

C. Lee, E. Coe, J. M. Clark, J. Stepanek, C. Raghavendra, S. Bhatia, and R. Puri, "Scalable Time Management Algorithms Using Active Networks for Distributed Simulation," DARPA Active Networks Conference (San Francisco, CA, May 29–30, 2002), pp. 366–378.

W. E. Lillo and N. W. Schulenburg, "Bayesian Closely Spaced Object Resolution with Application to Real Data," Signal Processing, Sensor Fusion, and Target Recognition XI (Orlando, FL, Apr. 1–3, 2002), SPIE Vol. 4729, pp. 152–162.

S. Lindsey and C. S. Raghavendra, "PEGASIS: Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems," IEEE Aerospace Conference (Big Sky, MT, Mar. 9–16, 2002), Vol. 3, p. 3-1130.

F. Livingston, W. W. Hansen, A. Huang, and H. Helvajian, "Effect of Laser Parameters on the Exposure and Selective Etch Rate in Photostructurable Glass," Photon Processing in Microelectronics and Photonics (San Jose, CA, Jan. 21–24, 2002), SPIE Vol. 4637, pp. 404–412.

F. Livingston and H. Helvajian, "True 3D Volumetric Patterning of Photostructurable Glass Using UV Laser Irradiation and Variable Exposure Processing: Fabrication of Meso-Scale Devices," 3rd International Symposium on Laser Precision Microfabrication (Osaka, Japan, May 27–31, 2002), SPIE Vol. 4830, pp. 189–195.

K. R. Lorentzen, J. E. Mazur, M. D. Looper, J. F. Fennell, and J. B. Blake, "Multisatellite Observations of MeV Ion Injections During Storms," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, No. A9, p. SMP7-1-11 (Sept. 1, 2002).

D. K. Lynch, S. Mazuk, E. Campbell, and C. C. Venturini, "Movies of Novae Explosions: Restricted Three-Body Dynamics and Geometry of Novae Shells for Purely Gravitational Development," AIP International Conference on Classical Nova Explosions (Sitges, Spain, May 20–24, 2002), AIP Vol. 637, pp. 155–160.

D. K. Lynch, R. J. Rudy, C. C. Venturini, S. Mazuk, W. L. Dimpfl, J. C. Wilson, N. A. Miller, and R. Puetter, "0.8–2.5 µm Spectroscopy of Novae," AIP International Conference on Classical Nova Explosions (Sitges, Spain, May 20–24, 2002), AIP Vol. 637, pp. 208–213.

D. K. Lynch, R. W. Russell, and M. L. Sitko, "3- to 14-µm Spectroscopy of Comet C/1999 T1 (McNaught-Hartley)," Icarus, Vol. 159, No. 1, pp. 234–238 (Sept. 2002).

E. Mahr and T. Mosher, "Mission Architectures for the Exploration of the Lunar Poles," IEEE Aerospace Conference (Big Sky, MT, Mar. 9–16, 2002), Vol. 1, p. 1-303.

M. D. Menn, G. E. Peterson, and C-C. Chao, "GPS-Based Navigation of Satellite Formations," AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Conference (Quebec, Canada, July 30–Aug. 2, 2001), pp. 295–305, AAS Paper 01-320.

I. A. Min, R. N. Abernathy, and B. L. Lundblad, "Measurement and Analysis of Puff Dispersion Above the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Using Quantitative Imagery," Journal of Applied Meteorology, pp. 1027–1041 (Oct 2002).

A. A. Moulthrop and M. S. Muha, "Measurement Accuracy Enhancements for Wideband Modulated Signals," International Journal of Radio Frequency and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 32–39 (Jan. 2003).

H. H. Nguyen and T. Nguyen, "Power Spectral Analysis for Spectrum Packing Efficiency Evaluation," 21st AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference: ICSSC (Yokohama, Japan, Apr. 15–19, 2003), AIAA Paper 2003-2238.

H. H. Nguyen and C. Pate, "A Ground Segment Architecture with Mentat SkyX Protocol over a Geosynchronous Satellite," 21st AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference: ICSSC (Yokohama, Japan, Apr. 15–19, 2003), AIAA Paper 2003-2251.

T. W. Nuteson, J. E. Stocker, J. S. Clark, D. S. Haque, and G. S. Mitchell, "Performance Characterization of FPGA Techniques for Calibration and Beamforming in Smart Antenna Applications," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 50, No. 12, pp. 3043–3051 (Dec. 2002).

D. L. Oltrogge, "Space Threat Monitoring for Communications Satellite Operators," 20th AIAA International Communication Satellite Systems Conference (Montreal, Canada, May 12–15, 2002), AIAA Paper 2002–2020.

R. P. Patera, "Method for Calculating Collision Probability Between a Satellite and a Space Tether," Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 25, No. 5, pp. 940–945 (Sept.–Oct. 2002).

R. P. Patera, "Probability of a Laser Illuminating a Space Object," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 114–118 (Jan. 2003).

R. P. Patera and G. E. Peterson, "Maneuver Optimization for Collision Risk Minimization," AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Conference (Quebec, Canada, July 30–Aug. 2, 2001), pp. 803–816, AAS Paper 01-359.

R. P. Patera and G. E. Peterson, "Space Vehicle Maneuver Method to Lower Collision Risk to an Acceptable Level," Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 233–237 (Mar.–Apr. 2003).

R. L. Pease, A. L. Sternberg, Y. Boulghassoul, L. W. Massengill, S. Buchner, D. McMorrow, D. S. Walsh, G. L. Hash, S. LaLumondiere, and S. C. Moss, "Comparison of SETs in Bipolar Linear Circuits Generated with an Ion Microbeam, Laser Light, and Circuit Simulation," IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 3163–3170 (Dec. 2002).

G. E. Peterson, "Collision Risk Analysis of the CZ-04 Breakup," Ninth International Space Conference of Pacific-Basin Societies (ISCOPS) (Pasadena, CA, Nov. 14–16, 2001), pp. 357–372, AAS Paper 01-547.

G. E. Peterson, "Collision Risk from Recent Orbital Breakups in the LEO Environment. I—Risk from CZ-04," SatMax 2002—Satellite Performance Workshop (Arlington, VA, Apr. 22, 2002), AIAA Paper 2002–1808.

G. E. Peterson, "Maneuver Selection for Probability Reduction of Near-Circular Orbit Conjunctions," AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference (Monterey, CA, Aug. 5–8, 2002), AIAA Paper 2002-4630.

C. M. Petroski, "Enhancing a Hardware Performance Simulation by Incorporating Key Objective Software Algorithms," Journal of Computer Resource Management, Vol. 107, pp. 56–60 (Summer 2002).

T. D. Powell, "Automated Tuning of an Extended Kalman Filter Using the Downhill Simplex Algorithm," Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 25, No. 5, pp. 901–908 (Sept.–Oct. 2002).

A. B. Prag and D. G. Brinkman, "An Ionospheric Error Model for Time Difference of Arrival Applications," Radio Science, Vol. 37, No. 3, p. 10-1-13 (May–June 2002).

A. Presser and J. C. Camparo, "Examination of a Crystal Oscillator's Frequency Fluctuations During the Enhanced Space-Radiation Environment of a Solar Flare," IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 2605–2609 (Oct. 2002).

R. J. Rudy, R. W. Russell, D. K. Lynch, S. M. Mazuk, C. C. Venturini, R. C. Puetter, and M. L. Sitko, "0.8–13.5 Micron Spectroscopy of IRAS 07077+1536: A Dusty Carbon Star," Astronomical Journal, Vol. 124, pp. 2883–2887 (Nov. 2002).

G. Radhakrishnan, P. M. Adams, R. E. Robertson, and R. C. Cole, "Pulsed-Laser Deposited TiC Coatings for MEMS," High-Power Laser Ablation IV (Taos, NM, Apr. 22–26, 2002), SPIE Vol. 4760, pp. 289–300.

G. Radhakrishnan, R. E. Robertson, P. M. Adams, and R. C. Cole, "Integrated TiC Coatings for Moving MEMS," Thin Solid Films 420-421, pp. 553–564 (2002).

S. Raghavan and L. Cooper, "Codes with Minimum CDMA Noise Based on Code Xpectral Lines," 21st AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference: ICSSC (Yokohama, Japan, Apr. 15–19, 2003), AIAA Paper 2003-2413.

A. V. Rao, S. Tang, and W. P. Hallman, "Numerical Optimization Study of Multiple-Pass Aero Assisted Orbital Transfer," Optimal Control Applications & Methods, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 215–238 (July–Aug. 2002).

S. E. Scarborough, D. P. Cadogan, L. M. Pederson, J. R. Blandino, G. L. Steckel, and W. K. Stuckey, "Elevated Temperature Mechanical Characterization of Isogrid Booms," 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference (Norfolk, VA, Apr. 7–10, 2003), AIAA Paper 2003-1824.

R. S. Selesnick and J. B. Blake, "Relativistic Electron Drift Shell Splitting," Journal of Geophysical Research. A. Space Physics (0148-0227), Vol. 107, No. A9, pp. SMP 27.1–SMP 27.10 (Sept. 1, 2002).

S. S. Shen, "Effects of Sharpening on Hyperspectral Exploitation," Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII (Orlando, FL, Apr. 1–4, 2002), SPIE Vol. 4725, pp. 568–579.

S. S. Shen and E. M. Bassett, "Information-Theory-Based Band Selection and Utility Evaluation for Reflective Spectral Systems," Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery VIII (Orlando, FL, Apr. 1–4, 2002), SPIE Vol. 4725, pp. 18–29.

K. D. Shere, "Lean Six Sigma: How Does It Affect the Government?" CrossTalk Journal of Defense Software Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 8–11 (Mar. 2003).

C. P. Silva, "Time-Domain Measurement and Modeling Techniques for Wideband Communication Components and Systems," International Journal of Radio Frequency and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 5–31 (Jan. 2003).

E. J. Simburger, T. W. Giants, J. H. Matsumoto, A. Garcia III, et al., "Development, Design, and Testing of PowerSphere Multifunctional Ultraviolet-Rigidizable Inflatable Structures," 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference (Norfolk, VA, Apr. 7–10, 2003), AIAA Paper 2003-1897.

D. J. Sklar and C. C. Wang, "Performance Evaluation of Two Rate 2/3 Turbo Code Configurations," IEEE Aerospace Conference (Big Sky, MT, Mar. 9–16, 2002), Vol. 3, p. 3-1354.

C. C. Venturini, R. J. Rudy, D. K. Lynch, S. M. Mazuk, and R. C. Puetter, "Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Nova Sagittarius 1999 (V4444 Sagittarii)," Astronomical Journal, Vol. 124, pp. 3009–3013 (Nov. 2002).

C. Wang, "A Bandwidth and Power Efficient Waveform Using Binary Turbo Coding with Enhanced Metrics," 21st AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference: ICSSC (Yokohama, Japan, Apr. 15–19, 2003), AIAA Paper 2003-2239.

C. P. Wang, L. R. Lyons, M. W. Chen, and R. Wolf, "Two-Dimensional Quiet Time Equilibrium for the Inner Plasma Sheet Protons and Magnetic Field," Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 29, No. 24, pp. 39-1–39-4 (Dec. 26, 2002).

C. P. Wang, L. R. Lyons, M. W. Chen, R. A. Wolf, and F. R. Toffoletto, "Modeling the Inner Plasma Sheet Protons and Magnetic Field Under Enhanced Convection," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, No. A2, pp. SMP 4-1–SMP 4-20 (Feb. 12, 2003).

H. T. Yura and L. Thrane, "The Effects of Multiple Scattering on Axial Resolution in Optical Coherence Tomography," Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (Long Beach, CA, May 19–24, 2002), Vol. 1, p. 476.

Patents

A. Abbott and W. Lillo, "Global Positioning Systems and Inertial Measuring Unit Ultratight Coupling Method," U.S. Patent No. 6,516,021, Feb. 2003.

This "ultratight" coupling technique provides a method of tracking GPS signals from within an aircraft or missile using a correlation process based on the best estimate of the vehicle's vector. A group of Kalman prefilters and a Kalman integration filter generate this vector estimate. The Kalman filters combine measurements from the inertial measurement unit of the onboard inertial navigation system with ephemeris data from a GPS satellite. They then generate replica signals for correlation with the received GPS signals for determining pseudorange and pseudorange-rate residual errors. These replica signals are in turn used to update the vehicle's vector information for the next major cycle, which generates the replica signal for the next major cycle, and so on. The closed, coupled tracking loops offer better tracking of the received GPS signal than do traditional methods.

H. G. Campbell, R. E. Hovden, G. W. Law, "Janus Reusable Spacecraft System," U.S. Patent No. 6,446,905, Sep. 2002.

A spacecraft launching system having two identical reusable vehicles, one of which serves as a booster stage and the other as an orbiter, reduces the cost and complexity of reusable launch systems. Both vehicles have identical flight-control and propulsion systems. Identical payload bays provide space for mission-specific payloads on the orbiter and room for a removable tank on the booster (for a substantial amount of additional propellant). Selected standardized components may also be added or deleted as required for each flight. The use of identical boosters and orbiters reduces overall cost because only one stage of this two-stage launch vehicle need be developed. Launch operations are simplified because only one type of stage needs to be checked and refurbished after landing.

S. J. DiMaggio and B. H. Sako, "Rocket Engine Gear Defect Monitoring Method," U.S. Patent No. 6,526,356, Feb. 2003.

This screening method uses vibration and tachometry measurements to detect anomalous gear performance in rocket-engine turbo machinery before launch. It is based on a two-sided cepstrum analysis, defined as the inverse discrete Fourier transform of the logarithm of two-sided autospectral density. Vibration measurements are acquired during static hot fire tests from accelerometers mounted on the gearbox of the rocket engine. The cepstrum analysis then identifies which turbopumps functioned normally and which exhibited anomalous vibration signatures, based on the known parameters for that family of engines. Measurements acquired during ground testing can be converted into parameters that are indicative of anomalous behavior. These parametric results can then be used to assess the possible presence and progression of a gear-tooth fault in the gear train.

P. D. Fuqua and J. D. Barrie, "Tunable Solid State Thin Film Optical Filter," U.S. Patent No. 6,522,469, Feb. 2003.

Manufactured using conventional thin-film deposition processes, this solid-state optical filter provides highly accurate passbands with a degree of tunability. The design includes a thin-film electrooptical dielectric with a voltage-controlled refractive index sandwiched between two optical-interference stacks composed of films with alternating refractive indices. A tuning voltage applied to the optical interference stack shifts its spectral features, such as the transmission passband, by a predetermined amount. Passband tuning occurs without moving any of the elements; as a result, the optical filter is robust and vacuum compatible. The device is insensitive to polarization and reflects energy not transmitted. It has many applications, including multiplexing and demultiplexing of optical signals.

G. F. Hawkins, "Adhesive Strengthening Embedded Micromachines," U.S. Patent No. 6,588,969, July 2003.

Microminiature levers can be embedded in an adhesive film prior to curing to increase the shear strength of a bond. The embedded levers are designed with an irregularly shaped cross section, such as a trapezoid. Thus, they tend to rotate under shear loads. The rotation causes the top and bottom faces of the microlevers to compress the adhesive film. Thus, the adhesive is simultaneously under the influence of both shear and compressive forces. The compression eliminates the tensile stress typically present in bondlines, which consequently eliminates peel stresses. Substantially identical microlevers can be embedded inline in an adhesive film so that several levers rotate concurrently for uniform compression along the adhesive bondline.

D. A. Ksienski and G. M. Shaw, "Intermodulation Grating Lobe Suppression Method," U.S. Patent No. 6,496,158, Dec. 2002.

Developed for radio-frequency communication systems, this technique improves signal transmission by a phased-array antenna by reducing the strength of intermodulation grating lobes (a type of signal interference) in the antenna's field of view. The design is based on regular spacing of subarrays, each of which contains several phased-array antenna elements that are also regularly spaced. Two modulated carrier signals are generated at two frequencies. These are then phase shifted into two sets of signals, which are then summed and amplified, creating intermodulation products in the intermodulation grating lobe beams within the field of view. The regular spacing of the subarrays and antenna elements generates a null in the antenna pattern, which can be positioned upon the intermodulation grating-lobe beams.

L. Kumar and R. K. Douglas, "Unambiguous Integer Cycle Attitude Determination Method," U.S. Patent No. 6,587,761, July 2003.

The method uses GPS signals to determine the attitude reference of a moving vehicle (such as a spacecraft). Three receiving antennas—one master and two slaves—are equipped with GPS receivers and positioned to achieve carrier-phase alignment of GPS signals. This allows the controller to determine coelevation and azimuth angles to the GPS satellites; this information can in turn be used to determine the attitude of the vehicle in an inertial frame of reference from known GPS satellite lines of sight. The antennas are orthogonally aligned and controlled to allow the slaves to rotate around the master as well as undergo linear dither motion. A fractional phase of the GPS carrier signal received by the slaves is measured relative to that received by the master. The measured carrier signal is processed to eliminate the integer-cycle ambiguity for determining the attitude reference by computing two noncolinear line-of-sight vectors. The method can be used to determine more than one noncolinear unit vector along the lines of sight from the master antenna to GPS satellites functioning as pseudo stars.

E. Y. Robinson, "Spacecraft Solar Panel Spherical Trickle Charger," U.S. Patent No. 6,511,022, Jan. 2003.

This spherical solar-panel array—or "PowerSphere"—serves as a backup power source or trickle charger for spacecraft auxiliary batteries. In contrast to conventional solar arrays, the device does not require controlled orientation toward the sun. When deployed, it collects power whenever it's illuminated—even when the main flat-panel solar arrays are positioned edgewise to the sun and therefore unable to collect solar power. The PowerSphere is composed of lightweight thin-film solar cells that are deployable into suitably large structures. It can be used to supplement conventional solar arrays, ensuring that the spacecraft can generate at least enough power for communications and corrective action in case the primary solar panels fail to produce sufficient energy.

E. Y. Robinson, M. H. Abraham, P. D. Fuqua, "Lateral Exhaust Microthruster," U.S. Patent No. 6,494,402, Dec. 2002.

A microthruster for maneuvering miniature satellites in orbit includes a solid-propellant charge or fuel cell connected to an ignition circuit mounted on a thin diaphragm. Upon ignition, the diaphragm bursts, and the fragments get trapped in a plenum that allows combustion to progress and pressure to build up. The exhaust flows through one or more lateral ports and enters a converging/diverging nozzle; it is finally expelled at the top of the microthruster at a well-defined expansion ratio, producing a controlled thrust vector. The path of the exhaust flow prevents expulsion of the burst diaphragm fragments. The thrust impulse is consistent in magnitude and direction thanks to the efficient conversion of propellant energy.

P. L. Smith, "GPS Airborne Target Geolocating Method," U.S. Patent No. 6,535,816, March 2003.

This invention describes a method for relative GPS navigation and targeting. A high-altitude aircraft emits a reference beacon. A low-altitude aircraft detects both the beacon and the target. Both the high-altitude and low-altitude aircraft use the same four GPS satellites and therefore have approximately the same GPS positioning errors, which largely cancel out in the targeting solution. This allows the low-altitude aircraft to accurately determine the relative GPS target coordinates for accurately guiding a maneuvering GPS-guided weapon toward the target.

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