Bookmarks

Recent Publications, Papers, and Patents by the Aerospace Technical Staff

Publications and Papers

(October 2005–July 2006)

R. J. Adams, S. Eslinger, K. L. Owens, and M. A. Rich, "Reducing Software Acquisition Risk: Best Practices for the Early Acquisition Phases," Report No. TR-2006(8550)-1 (The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, Jan. 31, 2006).

W. H. Ailor, "Space Traffic Management: Implementations and Implications," Acta Astronautica, Vol. 58, No. 5, pp. 279–286 (Mar. 2006).

W. H. Ailor and G. E. Peterson, "Collision Avoidance as a Debris Mitigation Measure," American Astronautical Society Science and Technology Series, Vol. 110, pp. 193–203 (Univelt Publishing, San Diego, 2005).

S. J. Alvarado, J. C. Cantrell, and R. L. Klungle, "Recommended Process for Qualification Testing of Payload Software Prior to Use on Orbit," Report No. TR-2006(1472)-1 (The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, Mar. 20, 2006).

P. C. Anderson and P. R. Straus, "Magnetic Field Orientation Control of GPS Occultation Observations of Equatorial Scintillation," Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, No. 21 (2005).

D. N. Baker, S. G. Kanekal, J. B. Blake, and J. H. Allen, "Radiation Belt Responses to the Solar Events of October-November 2003," Inner Magnetosphere Interactions: New Perspectives From Imaging, James Burch et al., eds., pp. 251–259 (2005).

S. Barr and D. Adlis, "Using Safety as a Driver to Change the Way We Look at Extravehicular Activity on Different Planets," First IAASS Conference—Space Safety, a New Beginning (European Space Agency, Nice, France, Oct. 2005).

S. M. Beck, J. R. Buck, W. F. Buell, R. P. Dickinson, D. A. Kozlowski, N. J. Marechal, and T. J. Wright, "Synthetic-Aperture Imaging Laser Radar: Laboratory Demonstration and Signal Processing," Applied Optics, Vol. 44, No. 35, pp. 7621–7629 (Dec. 10, 2005).

S. Bednarz and P. Misra, "Receiver Clock-Based Integrity Monitoring for GPS Precision Approaches," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 636–643 (Apr. 2006).

K. L. Bellman, "Self-Conscious Modeling," IT-Information Technology, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 188–94 (Aug. 2005).

K. P. Bentz, "Computation of the Cross Ambiguity Function Using Perfect Reconstruction Over-Sampled DFT Filter Banks," WSEAS Transactions on Systems, Vol. 4, No. 10, pp. 1733–1740 (Oct. 2005).

R. L. Bishop et al., "Sequential Observations of the Local Neutral Wind Field Structure Associated with E Region Plasma Layers," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, No. A4 (2005).

F. D. Cabrera, A. M. Niary, R. M. Kurtz, G. P. Djotyan, and T. Juhasz, "Biomechanical Model of Corneal Transplantation: Biomechanics," Journal of Refractive Surgery, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 293–302 (2006).

J. C. Camparo, J. Coffer, and J. Townsend, "Laser-Pumped Atomic Clock Exploiting Pressure-Broadened Optical Transitions," Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Optical Physics, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 521–528 (2005).

J. C. Camparo and C. M. Klimcak, "Generation of Ion-Acoustic Waves in an Inductively Coupled, Low-Pressure Discharge Lamp," Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 99, No. 8 (Apr. 15, 2006).

J. C. Camparo and C. M. Klimcak, "Ion-Acoustic Plasma Waves in RF-Discharge Lamps: Light-Shift, Stabilization for Atomic Clocks," 2005 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exhibit (Vancouver, Aug. 29–31, 2005).

J. C. Camparo and R. Mackay, "Ion-Wave Stabilization of an Inductively Coupled Plasma," Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 88, No. 17 (Apr. 14, 2006).

C.-C. Chao and G. E. Peterson, "A Coordinated Stationkeeping Strategy for Collocated Geosynchronous Satellites," Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 120, Part II, pp. 1533–1548 (2005).

M. W. Chen, M. Schulz, L. Shuxiang, L. Gang, L. R. Lyons, M. El-Alaoui, and M. Thomsen, "Simulated Stormtime Ring-Current Magnetic Field Produced by Ions and Electrons," Inner Magnetosphere Interactions: New Perspectives from Imaging, J. Burch et al., eds., No. 159, pp. 237–250 (2005).

M. W. Chen, M. Schulz, P. C. Anderson, L. Gang, G. Germany, and M. Wueest, "Storm Time Distributions of Diffuse Auroral Electron Energy and X-ray Flux: Comparison of Drift-Loss Simulations with Observations," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, No. A3 (2005).

T. K. Cheung, B. A., Blake, and T. T. Lam, "Thermal Response of a Finite Slab Subjected to Laser Pulse Irradiation and Convective Cooling," 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Proceedings (AIAA, Reno, NV, Jan. 9–12, 2006), AIAA Paper 2006-0981.

A. B. Christensen et al., "Far-Ultraviolet Signature of Polar Cusp During Southward IMF Bz, Observed by TIMED/Global Ultraviolet Imager and DMSP," Journal of Geophysical Research,Vol. 110, No. A1 (2005).

A. B. Christensen et al., "Undulations on the Equatorward Edge of the Diffuse Proton Aurora: TIMED/GUVI Observations," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, No. A8 (2005).

C. T. Chu, P. D. Fuqua, and J. D. Barrie, "Corrosion Characterization of Durable Silver Coatings by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Accelerated Environmental Testing," Applied Optics, Vol. 45, No. 7, pp. 1583–1593 (Mar. 1, 2006).

D. A. Day, "Gazing into the Unknown: Astronomy's Future after Hubble," Spaceflight, Vol. 47, No. 10, pp. 380–388 (Oct. 2005).

J. D. Desain, L. E. Jusinski, and C. A. Taatjes, "Ultraviolet Photochemistry of Trichlorovinylsilane and Allyltrichlorosilane: Vinyl Radical (HCCH2) and Allyl Radical (H2CCHCH2) Production in 193 nm Photolysis," Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 8, No. 19, pp. 2240–2248 (2006).

J. D. Desain and T. J. Curtiss, "Predicted Heat of Formation of Several Si-Cl-O-H and Ti-Cl-O-H Species," Report No. TR-2006(8565)-1/SMC-TR-06-07 (The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, Jan. 25, 2006).

I. Elishakoff and J. A. Storch, "An Unusual Exact Closed-Form Solution for Axisymmetric Vibration of Inhomogeneous Simply Supported Circular Plates," Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 284, No. 3–5, pp. 1217–1228 (2005).

S. Eslinger, M. A. Rich, R. J. Adams, and K. L.Owens, "Software Acquisition Best Practices Tutorial," Report No. TR-2005(8550)-1/SMC-TR-05-20 (The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, Sept. 30, 2005).

J. Everist, M. T. Nathan, C. Landauer, and K. Bellman, "Task-Selection and Task-Merging for Directional and Vision-Based Sensors," Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXIII: Algorithms, Techniques, and Active Vision (SPIE, Boston, Oct. 23–25, 2005).

J. Everist, M. T. Nathan, C. Landauer, and K. Bellman, "Visual Surveillance Coverage: Strategies and Metrics," Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXIII: Algorithms, Techniques, and Active Vision (SPIE, Boston, Oct. 23–25, 2005).

L. Feng, A. Z. Liu, G. R. Swenson, J. H. Hecht, and W. A. Robinson, "Observations of Gravity Wave Breakdown into Ripples Associated with Dynamical Instabilities: Mesospheric Dynamic and Thermodynamic Studies," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, No. D9 (2005).

M. V. Frank, M. A. Weaver, and R. L. Baker, "A Probabilistic Paradigm for Spacecraft Random Reentry Disassembly," Selected Papers from ESREL 2003, pp. 148–161 (European Safety and Reliability Association/Dutch Association for Risk Analysis and Reliability Assessment, Maastricht, Netherlands, 2005).

P. Frantz, H. I. Kim, S. V. Didziulis, L. Shuang, C. Zhiying, and S. S. Perry, "Reaction of Methyl Formate with VC(100) and TiC(100) Surfaces," Surface Science, Vol. 596, No. 1-3, pp. 144–162 (2005).

L. J. Gelinas, C. L. Siefring, P. A. Bernhardt, M. F. Larsen, M. C. Kelley, and J. Hecht, "New Observations of Artificial Aurora Associated with TMA Releases," Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 33, No. 2 (2006).

R. A. Gick et al., "Analytical Solutions for Thrusting, Spinning Spacecraft Subject to Constant Forces," Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 1301–1308 (2005).

D. Glackin et al., "Seasat: A 25-Year Legacy of Success," Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 94, No. 3, pp. 384–404 (2005).

V. K. Goyal, J. I. Rome, J. C. Klug, D. J. Chang, H. A. Katzman, and F. D. Ross, "Failure Modeling and Simulation of Composites Subjected to Bypass and Bearing Loads," 47th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference (Newport, RI, May 1–4, 2006) AIAA Paper 2006-2172.

J. Granata, E. P. Hebert, et al., "Recent Advances in High-Efficiency III-V Multi-Junction Solar Cells for Space Applications: Ultra Triple Junction Qualification," Progress in Space Photovoltaics, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 133–139 (2005).

J. E. Granata, T. D. Sahlstrom, P. E. Hausgen, S. R. Messenger, J. R. Lorentzen, and R. J. Walters, "Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton Radiation Testing for a MEO Orbit," 3rd International Energy Conversion Engineering, Conference: Collection of Technical Papers (San Francisco, Aug. 15–18, 2005).

J. M. Hall, M. J. A. Rickard, and E. L. Petersen, "Comparison of Characteristic Time Diagnostics for Ignition and Oxidation of Fuel/Oxidizer Mixtures Behind Reflected Shock Waves," Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 177, No. 3, pp. 455–483 (2005).

J. S. Halpine, "AC Impedance Modeling and Database," 3rd International Energy Conversion Conference (San Francisco, Aug. 15–18, 2005), AIAA Paper 2005-5624.

J. S. Halpine and V. J. Ang, "In-Situ Condensation Measurements in a Nickel-Hydrogen Cell During Electrical Cycling," 3rd International Energy Conversion Conference (San Francisco, Aug. 15–18, 2005), AIAA Paper 2005-5521.

P. Hantos, "Evolutionary Acquisition and Spiral Development Tutorial," Report No. TR-2005(8550)-2/SMC-TR-05-21 (The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, Sept. 30, 2005).

M. Hecht, "A Model for Determining the Cost of National Airspace System Maintenance Service Levels," 5th Aviation, Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference (ATIO) (Arlington, VA, Sept. 26–28, 2005), AIAA Paper 2005-7359.

M. Hecht, "Product Liability Issues for Embedded Software in Consumer Applications," 2005 IEEE Symposium on Product Safety Engineering (Schaumburg, IL, Oct. 3–4, 2005).

S. Huang, A. Janson, W. Hansen, L. Steffeney, and H. Helvajian, "Development of an Inspector Satellite Using Photostructurable Glass/Ceramic Materials," Space 2005 (Long Beach, CA, Aug. 30–Sept. 1, 2005), AIAA Paper 2005-6802.

W. H. Hwang and V. J. Ang, "Lithium-Ion Life Expectancy Verification Guidelines for Transformational Communication Satellite System (TSAT)," Report No. ATR-2006(1455)-1/SMC-TR-06-01 (The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, Nov. 25, 2005).

D. M. Kalitan, J. M. Hall, and E. L. Petersen, "Ignition and Oxidation of Ethylene-Oxygen-Diluent Mixtures With and Without Silane," Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 1045–1056 (AIAA, Reston, VA, Nov.–Dec. 2005).

S. G. Kanekal, R. H. W. Friedel, G. D. Reeves, D. N. Baker, and J. B. Blake, "Relativistic Electron Events in 2002: Studies of Pitch Angle Isotropization," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, No. A12 (2005).

S. Kenderian, B. B. Djordjevic, D. Cerniglia, and G. Garcia, "Dynamic Railroad Inspection Using the Laser-Air Hybrid Ultrasonic Technique," Insight: Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 336–341 (June 2006).

R. Khullar, S. Eftekharzadeh, and L. Brownlow, "Picosatellite Missions and Applications," Space Technology, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 27–35 (Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 2005).

H. I. Kim and J. R. Lince, "Conductive Atomic Force Microscopic (c-AFM) Studies of Au/MoS₂ Nanocomposite Films," Proceedings of the 2005 World Tribology Congress III (Washington, DC, Sept. 12–16, 2005).

H. I. Kim, J. R. Lince, O. L. Eryilmaz, and A. Erdemir, "Environmental Effects on the Friction of Hydrogenated DLC Films," Tribology Letters, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 51–56 (Jan. 2006).

L. Kirkland, K. Herr, and P. Adams, "Infrared Remote Sensing Studies of Mars Analog Sites at the Nevada Test Site and the China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station," Geological Society of America 2005 Annual Meeting (Salt Lake City, Oct. 16–19, 2005).

L. Kirkland, K. Herr, and P. Adams, "Infrared Spectral Studies on Earth That Address Three Prime Issues on Mars: Uncertainty, Uncertainty, Uncertainty," Geological Society of America 2005 Annual Meeting (Salt Lake City, Oct. 16–19, 2005).

H. C. Koons and J. F. Fennell, "Space Weather Effects on Communications Satellites," Radio Science Bulletin, No. 316, pp. 27–41 (Mar. 2006).

H. C. Koons, J. Mazur, A. Lopatin, D. Pitchford, A. Bogorad, and R. Herschitz, "Spatial and Temporal Correlation of Spacecraft Surface Charging in Geosynchronous Orbit," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 178–185 (AIAA, Reston, VA, Jan.–Feb. 2006).

T. J. Kopp et al., "Automated Cloud Detection and Classification of Data Collected by the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)," International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 26, No. 21, pp. 4681–4706 (2005).

B. T. Kress, M. K. Hudson, and P. L. Slocum, "Impulsive Solar Energetic Ion Trapping in the Magnetosphere During Geomagnetic Storms," Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, No. 6 (2005).

C. Landauer, K. L. Bellman, "Self Managed Adaptability with Wrappings," IEEE International Workshop on Software Evolvability, pp. 29–34 (Budapest, Hungary, Sept. 26, 2005).

T. J. Lang, "Streets of Coverage Constellations to Minimize Revisit Time in Low Earth Orbit," Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Part I, Vol. 120, pp. 795–809 (Univelt Publishing, San Diego, CA, 2005), Report No. AAS 05-154.

C. A. Lee and M. Parashar, eds., Proceedings of the IEEE: Grid Computing, Vol. 93, No. 3 (2005).

J. R. Lince, "Tribology of Co-sputtered Nanocomposite Au/MoS₂ Solid Lubricant Films over a Wide Contact Stress Range," Report No.: TR-2005(8565)-1/SMC-TR-05-12 (The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, 2005).

S. Liu, M. W. Chen, J. L. Roeder, L. R. Lyons, and M. Schulz, "Relative Contribution of Electrons to the Stormtime Total Ring Current Energy Content," Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, No. 3 (2005).

S. H. Liu, E. J. Simburger, J. Matsumoto, A. Garcia, J. Ross, and J. Nocerino, "Evaluation of Thin-Film Solar Cell Temperature Coefficients for Space Applications," Progress in Photovoltaics, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 149–156 (2005).

S. H. Liu, J. E. Granata, J. S. Halpine, J. C. Nocerino, and E. J. Simburger, "Proton Irradiation and Annealing of a-Si Thin-Film Solar Cells for Space, Applications: Results at 160 keV," 3rd International Energy Conversion Conference (San Francisco, Aug. 15–18, 2005), AIAA Paper 2005-5634.

S. H. Liu, J. S. Halpine, E. J. Simburger, D. Rumsey, and D. A. Hinkley, "Testing of Integrated Pico Satellite Power System for Pico Satellite Inflatable Reflector Experiment (PSIREX) and Pico Satellite Solar Cell Test Bed Project," 3rd International Energy Conversion Conference (San Francisco, Aug. 15–18, 2005), AIAA Paper 2005-5500.

F. E. Livingston, P. M. Adams, and H. Helvajian, "Influence of Cerium on the Pulsed UV Nanosecond Laser Processing of Photostructurable Glass Ceramic Materials," Applied Surface Science, Vol. 247, No. 1–4, pp. 526–536 (2005).

F. E. Livingston and H. Helvajian, "Variable UV Laser Exposure Processing of Photosensitive Glass-Ceramics: Maskless Micro- to Meso-Scale Structure Fabrication,"Applied Physics A, Materials Science & Processing, Vol. 81, No. 8, pp. 1569–1581 (2005).

M. A. Lobbia and R. H. Gong, "A Modular Sizing Model for High-Altitude/Long-Endurance Airships," 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit (Reno, NV, Jan. 9–12, 2006), AIAA Paper 2006-0821.

M. D. Looper, J. B. Blake, and R. A. Mewaldt, "Violent Sun-Earth Connection Events of October-November 2003," Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, No. 3 (2005).

M. D. Looper, J. E. Mazur, R. S. Selesnick, et al., "Proton, Helium, and Electron Spectra During the Large Solar Particle Events of October-November 2003: Violent Sun-Earth Connection Events of October-November 2003," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, No. A9 (2005).

D. K. Lynch, "Infrared Spectral Signature of Water Ice in the Vacuum Cryogenic AI&T, Environment," Report No. TR-2006(8570)-1/SMC-TR-06-06 (The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, Dec. 31, 2005).

D. K. Lynch, C. E. Woodward, T. R. Geballe, R. W. Russell, R. J. Rudy, C. C. Venturini, et al., "Early Infrared Spectral Development of V1187 Scorpii (nova Scorpii 2004 no. 2)," The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 638, No. 2, pp. 987–1003 (2006).

M. W. Maier, "System and Software Architecture Reconciliation," Systems Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 146–159 (2006).

B. McCarthy, V. M. Bright, and M. L. Dunn, "Deformable Electromagnetic Coil Actuation for Sensor Systems," 2005 IEEE Sensors, (Irvine, CA, Oct. 30–Nov. 3, 2005).

D. M. McCutcheon, J. N. Reddy, M. J. O'Brien, T. S. Creasy, and G. F. Hawkins, "Damping Composite Materials by Machine Augmentation," Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 294, No. 4–5, pp. 828–840 (2006).

H. Mirels and K. L. Zondervan, "Pulsed-Laser-Induced Vibration of Pressurized Thin-Walled Cylinder," AIAA Journal, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 128–135 (2006).

M. Mitchell, and T. J. Mosher, "An Orbit Analysis for Performing Remote Sensing from the International Space Station," Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 120, Part II, pp. 1361–1379 (2005).

D. M. Moody, "Three-Dimensional Underwater Sound Pressure Field Due to Sonic Boom," The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 119, No. 3, pp. 1368–1372 (Mar. 2006).

D. M. Moody and J. C. Wang, "Deep-Water Noise Created by the Flight of a Vandal Missile over a Slightly Wavy Ocean Surface," Report No. TR-2005(8506)-1/SMC-TR-05-18, 7 (The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, Mar. 2005).

J. A. Morgan, "A Bayesian Estimator for Linear Calibration Error Effects in Thermal Remote Sensing," IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 117–119 (Jan. 2006).

J. A. Morgan, "Bayesian Estimation for Land Surface Temperature Retrieval: The Nuisance of Emissivities," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 1279–1288 (2005).

A. A. Moulthrop, M. S. Muha, and C. P. Silva, "On the Frequency Response Symmetry of Diode Mixers," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 2458–2461 (Dec. 2005).

M. T. Nathan, J. Everist, C. Landauer, L. Itti, and K. Bellman, "Distributed Biologically Based Real Time Tracking in the Absence of Prior Target Information," Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XXIII: Algorithms, Techniques, and Active Vision (SPIE, Boston, Oct. 23–25, 2005).

M. O'Brien, "A Novel Test Method to Measure the Fracture Toughness of Ceramic Balls Used in Bearings," Proceedings of the 2005 World Tribology Congress III (Washington, DC, Sept. 12–16, 2005).

D. P. Olsen, C. C. Wang, D. Sklar, B. Huang, and A. Ahuja, "Assessment of Error Propagation in Ultraspectral Sounder Data Via JPEG2000 Compression and Turbo Coding," Proceedings of the SPIE, Vol. 5889, pp. 115–124 (2005).

D. W. Pack et al., "Meteoritic Dust from the Atmospheric Disintegration of a Large Meteoroid," Nature, Vol. 436, No. 7054, pp. 1132–1135 (2005).

R. P. Patera, "Calculating Collision Probability for Arbitrary Space-Vehicle Shapes via Numerical Quadrature," Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 1326–1328 (2005).

R. P. Patera, "Drag Modulation as a Means of Mitigating Casualty Risk for Random Reentry," Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit (San Francisco, Aug. 15–18, 2005), AIAA Paper 2005-6228.

G. E. Peterson, "Comparison of Collision Risk from COLA and Kinetic Gas Theory for Sun-Synchronous Orbits," Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, Vol. 120, Part I, pp. 299–315 (2005).

R. G. Pettit and H. Gomaa, "Modeling Behavioral Patterns of Concurrent Objects Using Petri Nets," Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (Gyeongju, South Korea, Apr. 24–26, 2006).

A. E. Piotrowski and M. J. O'Brien, "A Novel Test Method to Measure the Fracture Toughness of Ceramic Balls Used in Bearings," Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, Vol. 29, No. 7, pp. 558–572 (2006).

E. L. Renk, M. Rizzo, W. Collins, F. Lee, and D. S. Bernstein, "Calibrating a Triaxial Accelerometer-Magnetometer: Using Robotic Actuation for Sensor Reorientation During Data Collection," IEEE Control Systems Magazine, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 86–95 (Dec. 2005).

D. W. Rowen, M. A. Hopkins, "H-Infinity Controller Design for Structural Damping," Smart Structures and Materials 2006: Damping and Isolation (SPIE San Diego, CA, Feb. 27–Mar. 1, 2006).

R. J. Rudy, D. K. Lynch, S. Mazuk, et al., "MWC 930: a New Luminous Blue Variable Candidate," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 364, No. 1, pp. 335–343 (2005).

D. M. Rust, B. J. Anderson, M. D. Andrews, M. H. Acuna, C. T. Russell, P. W. Schuck, and T. Mulligan, "Comparison of Interplanetary Disturbances at the Near Spacecraft with Coronal Mass Ejections at the Sun," The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 621, No. 1 p.1, pp. 524–536 (2005).

G. Schubert, M. P. Hickey, and R. L. Walterscheid, "Physical Processes in Acoustic Wave Heating of the Thermosphere," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, No. D7 (2005).

K. D. Shere, "Managing Cultural Changes in Your Organization," CrossTalk, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 9–13 (2006).

E. J. Simburger, J. K. Lin, S. E. Scarborough, and H. B. Curtis, "Development, Design, and Testing of PowerSphere Multifunctional, Ultraviolet-Rigidizable Inflatable Structures," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 1091–1100 (AIAA, Reston, VA, Nov.–Dec. 2005).

E. J. Simburger, S. Liu, J. Halpine, D. Hinkley, and D. Rumsey, "Pico Satellite Solar Cell Testbed (PSSC Testbed)," WCPEC4 World Conference (4th) (Wailoloa, HI, May 7, 2006).

Y. Sin, N. Presser, and P. Adams, "A Comparative Study of Metamorphic InP/InGaAs Double Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors with InP and InAlP Buffer Layers Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy," Journal of Electronic Materials, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 266–272 (Feb. 2006).

C. K. Smith, M. Bettenhausen, and P. W. Gaiser, "A Statistical Approach to Windsat Ocean Surface Wind Vector Retrieval," IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 164–168 (Jan. 2006).

D. Speckman, D. Marvin, and J. Nocerino, "Dendrite Growth and Degradation in Multi-Junction Solar Cells," Progress in Space Photovoltaics, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 157–163 (2005).

P. Straus et al., "Violent Sun-Earth Connection Events of October-November 2003," Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, No. 3 (2005).

J. A. Street and R. G. Pettit, "The Impact of UML 2.0 on Existing UML 1.4 Models," Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: 8th International, Conference (MoDELS 2005), Proceedings (Montego Bay, Jamaica, Oct. 2–7, 2005).

J. A. Street and R. G. Pettit, "Lessons Learned Applying Performance Modeling and Analysis Techniques," Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (Gyeongju, South Korea, Apr. 24–26, 2006).

J. Tooley, T. Habiger, K R. Bohman, and L. Bonaparte, "A First-Order, Simplified, Conservative Methodology for Computing Reentry Casualty Expectation," 2005 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit (San Francisco, Aug.15–18, 2005), AIAA Paper 2005-6229.

R. Valerdi and M. Wheaton, "ANSI/EIA 632 as a Standardized WBS for COSYSMO," AIAA 5th Aviation, Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference (ATIO) (Arlington, VA, Sept. 26–28, 2005), AIAA Paper 2005-7373.

C. C. Venturini and S. M. Mazuk, "Astronomical Instrument Control Using LabVIEW and TCP/IP," Report No. TEC-TR-2006(8570)-2 (The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, Dec. 20, 2005).

R. L. Walterscheid and M. P. Hickey, "Acoustic Waves Generated by Gusty Flow over Hilly Terrain," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 110, No. A10 (2005).

J. C. T. Wang, D. M. Moody, C. P. Griffice, et al. "A Sonic Boom and Underwater Sound Pressure Induced by Low-Altitude Ramjet Cruise Missiles," 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Proceedings, pp. 1–13 (Reno, NV, Jan. 9–12, 2006), AIAA Paper 2006-0413.

R. P. Welle and B. S. Hardy, "Peltier-Actuated Microvalves for Integrated Microfluidic Systems," Microfluidics, BioMEMS, and Medical Microsystems IV (SPIE, San Jose, CA, Jan. 23–25, 2006).

S. C. Witczak, R. C. Lacoe, J. V. Osborn, J. M. Hutson, and S. C. Moss, "Dose-Rate Sensitivity of Modern nMOSFETs," IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 52, No. 6, pp. 2602–2608 (Dec. 2005).

M. W. Wright and G. C. Valley, "Yb-Doped Fiber Amplifier for Deep-Space Optical Communications," Journal of Lightwave Technology,Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 1369–1374 (2005).

A. H. Zimmerman, "Failure Model for a Leaking Nickel-Hydrogen Cell," Report No. ATR-2005(8555)-6/SMC-TR-06-02 (The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA Aug. 30, 2005).

A. H. Zimmerman, "Life Modeling for Nickel Hydrogen Batteries in Geosynchronous Satellite Operation," 3rd International Energy Conversion Conference (San Francisco, Aug. 15–18, 2005), AIAA Paper 2005-5623.

A. H. Zimmerman, "Low-Temperature Failure Mode for Nickel-Hydrogen Cells, Report No. TR-2005(8555)-5/SMC-TR-05-17 (The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, Aug. 5, 2005).

Patents

(October 2005–July 2006)

H. Helvajian and S. W. Janson, "Integrated Glass Ceramic Systems," U.S. Patent No. 6,952,530, Oct. 2005.

Integrated electro-optical and electromechanical systems can be created from patterned glass-ceramic components having tempered and untempered portions. The components combine the physical and optical properties of glass and ceramic and can serve dual functions as both support structures and operational mechanisms. In terms of satellites, an entire craft can be made primarily of photostructurable glass ceramic with photonics and electronics integrated onto and encapsulated by substrates that also serve as circuit boards. For example, a stack of integrated glass-ceramic substrates can function as a scaffold while providing interface layers on which and through which are deposited conducting interconnects that provide communication paths between optical transceivers. At the same time, specific regions and volumes of the support structure can be converted to the crystalline ceramic phase to achieve better dielectric properties or greater strength.

M. J. O'Brien and B. A. Nelson, "Ceramic Ball Bearing Fracture Test Method," U.S. Patent No. 6,952,969, Oct. 2005.

This mechanical test directly measures the fracture resistance of ceramic or steel ball bearings. The test apparatus comprises two opposing plates that have indentations or hemispherical sockets that match the shape of the bearing to be tested. The depth of the sockets is less than the radius of the bearing, so the middle section of the bearing remains exposed. A starter crack is made in the bearing along this exposed surface section. The two plates are forced toward each other, and the resulting load causes the bearing to bulge slightly in the middle. This bulging causes a tensile stress in the angular or hoop direction that will eventually cause the starter crack to grow. The crack growth would then be measured via microscope. The fracture toughness is defined by the observed load at which the crack grows and the geometry of the final crack, which naturally provides a stress concentration. Accurate, repeatable, and robust, the method is particularly suited for testing small ball bearings with diameters less than 1.5 cm.

R. B. Dybdal, D. D. Pidhayny, and D. J. Hinshilwood, "System and Method for Antenna Tracking," U.S. Patent No. 6,965,343, Nov. 2005.

Antennas tracking satellites require high positional dynamics for overhead positions for low Earth orbits as used, for example, by meteorological satellites. A method was devised to combine electronic beam scanning with mechanical positioning that would reduce the requirements and cost of mechanical positioners. The electronic beam scanning would be implemented by using additional antenna feed elements surrounding the existing central feed. The positioning dynamics can be determined a priori and when needed, the electronic steering would be employed. This electronic beam steering can also be used in initial signal acquisition where the satellite clears the horizon to permit data gathering over a larger portion of the satellite pass.

James Todd Dickey and Tung Ting Lam, "High-Density, Electronic-Cooling, Triangular-Shaped Microchannel Device," U.S. Patent No. 6,983,792, Jan. 2006.

The packing density of microprocessor components, like silica chips, continues to rise, thereby increasing the energy dissipation per unit surface area. The high heat-flux levels they generate adversely affect reliability. To decrease the resulting high temperatures, fluid-filled microchannels are used for thermal-energy transport. Past investigations of forced convective flows in rectangular-shaped channels show low heat-transfer rates. This invention uses a pumped-fluid loop with triangular-shaped microchannels arranged in a sawtooth configuration to maximize the absorption of thermal energy by the flowing working fluid. The ratio of surface area to microchannel volume and the mass-flow rate of the pumped fluid allow high rates of heat removal from electronic components with operation at a substantially lower temperature, which can increase the reliability and extend the life of the electronic components.

Donald C. Mayer, Jon V. Osborn, Ronald C. Lacoe, and Everett E. King, "Annular Segmented MOSFET," U.S. Patent No. 7,005,713, Feb. 2006.

While the scaling of metal oxide–silicon (MOS) integrated circuits has decreased in feature sizes and increased in data throughput per chip for the past 30 years, reduction in power supply voltages has not scaled nearly as rapidly. This mismatch has resulted in substantial increases in electric fields in MOS integrated circuits, particularly in field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). This invention will improve the reliability of MOSFETs while enabling high-density integration through the use of annular-segment curved gates. Such curved gates reduce the electric field strength between the source and the drain of the MOSFET, lowering the high energy of the injected hot carriers and leading to a significant improvement in reliability. In the preferred forms of the invention, quarter-circle and eighth-circle annular segment structures improve reliability while preserving the high integration density of conventional straight MOSFET structures.

Philip A. Dafesh, "Spread-Spectrum Bit-Boundary Correlation Search Acquisition System," U.S. Patent No. 7,042,930, May 2006.

GPS navigation solutions are limited by the ability of a receiver to acquire GPS signals in the presence of interference and obstructions. In particular, urban attenuation, common in GPS receivers integrated into cell phones, limits the use of emergency GPS applications. This invention reduces losses by determining bit boundaries precisely prior to carrier tracking. It enables rapid acquisition, improved coherent integration, and dump functions for enhanced receiver sensitivity. An exemplar system is applicable to commercial course acquisition (C/A) code GPS receivers where the bit period is a multiple of the code period. The system provides synchronized integration during signal acquisition by resolving unknown bit boundary relative to code synchronization by searching over multiple integration hypotheses. The system uses accurate crystal oscillators for several decibels of sensitivity improvement. The method can readily be implemented for cell phone and personal data assistant applications. Enhanced performance of C/A code GPS receivers under weak signal conditions is well suited for such in-building applications as E911 cell phones that use inexpensive, chip-size GPS receivers.

Edward J. Simburger and James H. Matsumoto, "Integrated Thin-Film Battery and Circuit Module," U.S. Patent No. 7,045,246, May 2006.

The conventional spacecraft battery comprises a number of individual cells connected in series to provide the necessary voltage to the bus. Typically, power distribution, power processing, and load electronics are located remotely from the battery. This invention is a thin-film battery module integrated to a circuit board. The thin-film printed circuit is preferably fabricated on a substrate composed of polyimide or other flexible insulating polymer. In a series of conventional processing steps, a thin-film battery cell is deposited on the flexible circuit board. A second multilayer flexible printed circuit board is then deposited on the battery cell to enclose and embed it. Finally, discrete electronic devices are mounted on the top and bottom of the module to form a self-contained unit. The module, which is well suited for integrating load electronics and power processing dc-dc converters onto a flexible, printed wiring board containing additional thin-film battery cells, promises numerous commercial and space-vacuum applications.

Hsieh S. Hou, "Merge-and-Split Discrete Sine Block Transform Method," U.S. Patent No. 7,047,266, May 2006; "Merge-and-Split Karhunen-Loeve Block Transform Method," U.S. Patent No. 7,047,267, May 2006; "Merge-and-Split Fast Hartley Block Transform Method," U.S. Patent No. 7,062,522, June 2006.

Conventional transforms have been used for some time to compress and decompress data using radix-2 transforms. While the traditional methods separate and combine data in the transform domain, they do not have the capability of performing true merge and split operations. And so, for example, while video composing is substantially sped up by performing the operations in the fast transform domain with the transform coefficients being quantized into integers, the quantization process degrades image quality. This invention provides a true direct split and merge of equal-sized data halves for such conventional transforms as the Fast Fourier, Fast Hartley, Discrete Cosine, Discrete Sine, and Discrete Karhunen-Loeve Transforms. It processes new class-block transforms that enable true successive and back-and-forth merge and split forward transformations without data degradation. Time or spatial domain input data can be transformed into the transform domain in the form of split halves or merged wholes, which can then be successively recursively further split or merged without having to inversely transform the transformed data back into the time or spatial domain and without resulting data degradation.

David A. Ksienski and James P. McKay, "Multiple-Beam-Steered Subarray Antenna System," U.S. Patent No. 7,064,710, June 2006.

Conventional phased-array antenna systems pair a gallium arsenide field-effect transistor (FET) phase shifter and an amplifier or transmit-and-receive transceiver for each radiating antenna element, positioning the amplifiers between the antenna elements and the beam-steering phase shifters. However, the costly FET phase shifters have an undesirable high insertion loss, especially at high frequencies, and compensating for the loss with large numbers leads to high cost and power requirements for the antenna system. Using microelectromechanical (MEMS) phase shifters can lead to mass and cost reductions, but they have a high failure rate with a low operational lifetime expectancy. This invention uses a fine phase shifter to drive an amplifier that drives several coarse phase shifters that drive antenna elements. The system partitions beam scanning into infrequently used MEMS phase shifters and frequently used conventional FET phase shifters for providing coarse- and fine-beam pointing with a reduction of the high-loss conventional phase shifters. The system can provide increased antenna gain by 5 decibels with no accompanying increase in battery power or mass.

Jerry A. Gelbwachs, "Multispectral Selective Reflective Lidar," U.S. Patent No. 7,067,812, June 2006.

Lidar (laser-illuminating detection and ranging) systems are used for remote sensing. For differential absorption, lidars illuminate a diffuse gaseous material for chemical characterization with two wavelengths, where one is absorbed and other not, such that a weaker return at the absorption wavelength will indicate the presence of remote diffuse gaseous material. For conventional ranging, the lidar illuminates a remote material and detects reflections. Surface characterization from orbit relies on high-resolution spectral analysis of reflected sunlight or surface heat. But for objects distant from the sun, weak sunlight prohibits analysis of solar reflection. Further, cool surfaces provide insufficient thermal radiation for high-resolution spectral analysis. This invention uses a remote-surface-material-detecting lidar system that relies upon absorption and reradiation, that is, selective reflection, of laser pulses having predetermined wavelengths. The system's lidar generates alternating pulses of two wavelengths; the first is absorbed and reradiated, while the second is neither substantially absorbed and reradiated nor reflected. Detecting the selective reflected returns of the absorbed and reradiated laser pulses indicates the presence of remote surface material on even cold bodies.

John R. Scarpulla, "Transmission Line Analog-to-Digital Converter," U.S. Patent No. 7,071,862, July 2006.

The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is a ubiquitous component in modern electronics and satellite systems. The tradeoff has traditionally been between the speed of conversion, the number of bits, and the power consumption: A flash converter is fast, but limited to a small number of bits of resolution because of size and power constraints. A successive-approximation ADC is slow and requires complex circuitry. A sigma-delta ADC, which has a high clock rate, generates a high-resolution digital signal at the expense of speed. These conventional ADCs are complex circuits having high power requirements. This invention is an ADC with an unterminated transmission line driven by a current source to generate a stair-step waveform for quantizing analog input. The transmission-line ADC offers simplicity, accuracy, high speed, low transistor count, and low power consumption. The timing of the stair-step waveform is determined by the length of the transmission line. Quantization is achieved by the timing of the output of a simple electronic comparator. The transmission-line ADC can be scaled to high speeds. Successive-approximation transmission-line ADCs can also be implemented without an increase in circuit complexity.

Gee L. Lui and Kuang Tsai, "Gaussian Minimum-Shift Keying (GMSK) Precoding Communication Method," U.S. Patent No. 7,072,414, July 2006.

Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK) is a form of continuous-phase modulation (CPM) used in digital communication systems. It achieves compact spectral occupancy by choosing a suitable bandwidth–time product parameter in a Gaussian filter. The constant envelope makes GMSK compatible with nonlinear power amplifier operation without the concomitant spectral regrowth associated with nonconstant envelope signals. But in demodulating GMSK signals using the Viterbi algorithm, a differential decoder is necessary to resolve data-bit ambiguities while providing a degraded bit-error rate (BER) with respect to the absolute phase demodulation. This invention uses a data-precoding algorithm implemented in a transmitter modulator to substantially improve the resulting BER performance of the CPM receivers, such as GMSK receivers, without the use of differential decoders while preserving the spectral occupancy of the coherently demodulated GMSK signals. Depending upon the channel BER required, the precoding method will render a signal-to-noise-ratio improvement of up to 2.5 decibels over the same modem that demodulates GMSK signals without precoding.

To Fall 2006 Table of Contents